Introduction.- Proportion and Continuous Variation in Vitruvius's De Architectura.- The Palazzo Del Podesta in Bologna: Precision and Tolerance in a Building all'Antica.- Practical Mathematics in the Drawings of Baldassarre Peruzzi and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.- Geometric Survey and Urban Design: A Project for the Rome of Paul IV (1555-1559).- Architecture and Mathematics in Early Modern Religious Orders.- The Master of Painted Architecture: Andrea Pozzo, S. J. and His Treatise on Perspective.- Geometry, Mechanics, and Analysis in Architecture.- Epistemological Obstacles to the Analysis of Structures: Giovanni Bottari's Aversion to a Mathematical Assessment of Saint-Peter's Dome (1743).- Scientific Concepts of Beauty in Architecture: Vitruvius Meets Descartes, Galileo and Newton.- Breathing Room: Calculating an Architecture of Air.- James Athenian Stuart and the Geometry of Setting Out.- Index.
Book Review| June 01 2014 Review: Le palais du Luxembourg de Marie de Médicis 1611–1631, by Sara Galletti Sara GallettiLe palais du Luxembourg de Marie de Médicis 1611–1631Trans. Julien Noblet; Paris: Éditions Picard, 2012, 294 pp., 6 color and 165 b/w illus. €53.00, ISBN 9782708409354 Anthony Gerbino Anthony Gerbino 1University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2014) 73 (2): 274–276. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.2.274 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Anthony Gerbino; Review: Le palais du Luxembourg de Marie de Médicis 1611–1631, by Sara Galletti. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 June 2014; 73 (2): 274–276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.2.274 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search The Luxembourg Palace is one of those rare early modern buildings that remains central to the day-to-day life of a capital city. This national landmark today houses the Sénat, the upper chamber of the French parliament, while from the garden, it is familiar to countless Parisians and tourists. Its origins as a royal palace, however, lie in a radically different context. The palace was begun in 1615 for Maria de’Medici, widow of Henri IV and regent to the young Louis XIII. Despite substantial changes in both appearance and function, the palace still reflects something of the queen’s political position at that time, particularly as a foreigner and a female regent. This exemplary monograph by Sara Galletti reconstructs the early history of the building, offering new details and arguments to several historiographical problems in which the palace plays a leading role. Among the book’s many contributions, two stand out. The first... You do not currently have access to this content.
Book Review| September 01 2006 Review: Picturing Machines 1400-1700 by Wolfgang Lefèvre Picturing Machines 1400-1700Wolfgang Lefèvre Anthony Gerbino Anthony Gerbino Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2006) 65 (3): 429–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/25068297 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Anthony Gerbino; Review: Picturing Machines 1400-1700 by Wolfgang Lefèvre. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 September 2006; 65 (3): 429–431. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25068297 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2006 The Society of Architectural Historians Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Endotoxin increases ventilation-to-perfusion ratio (V˙a/Q˙) heterogeneity in the lung, but the precise changes in alveolar ventilation (V˙a) and perfusion that lead toV˙a/Q˙heterogeneity are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how endotoxin affects the distributions of ventilation and perfusion and the impact of these changes onV˙a/Q˙heterogeneity. Seven anesthetized, mechanically ventilated juvenile pigs were given E. coli endotoxin intravenously, and regional ventilation and perfusion were measured simultaneously by using aerosolized and injected fluorescent microspheres. Endotoxemia significantly decreased the correlation between regional ventilation and perfusion, increased perfusion heterogeneity, and redistributed perfusion between lung regions. In contrast, ventilation heterogeneity did not change, and redistribution of ventilation was modest. The decrease in correlation between regional ventilation and perfusion was responsible for significantly moreV˙a/Q˙ heterogeneity than were changes in ventilation or perfusion heterogeneity. We conclude that V˙a/Q˙heterogeneity increases during endotoxemia primarily as a result of the decrease in correlation between regional ventilation and perfusion, which is in turn determined primarily by changes in perfusion.
Hypobaric hypoxia during commercial air travel has the potential to cause or worsen hypoxemia in individuals with pre-existing cardiopulmonary compromise. Knowledge of cabin altitude pressures aboard contemporary flights is essential to counseling patients accurately about flying safety. The objective of the study was to measure peak cabin altitudes during U.S. domestic commercial flights on a variety of aircraft.A handheld mountaineering altimeter was carried by the investigators in the plane cabin during commercial air travel and peak cabin altitude measured. The values were then compared between aircraft models, aircraft classes, and distances flown.The average peak cabin altitude on 207 flights aboard 17 different aircraft was 6341 +/- 1813 ft (1933 m +/- 553 m), significantly higher than when measured in a similar fashion in 1988. Peak cabin altitude was significantly higher for flights longer than 750 mi (7085 +/- 801 ft) compared to shorter flights (5160 +/- 2290 ft/1573 +/- 698 m). Cabin altitude increased linearly with flight distance for flights up to 750 mi in length, but was independent of flight distance for flights exceeding 750 mi. Peak cabin altitude was less than 5000 ft (1524 m) in 70% of flights shorter than 500 mi. Peak cabin altitudes greater than 8000 ft (2438 m) were measured on approximately 10% of the total flights.Peak cabin altitude on commercial aircraft flights has risen over time. Cabin altitude is lower with flights of shorter distance. Physicians should take these factors into account when determining an individual's need for supplemental oxygen during commercial air travel.
Community transmission of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in the state of Washington in February 2020. We identified patients from nine Seattle-area hospitals who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical data were obtained through review of medical records. The data reported here are those available through March 23, 2020. Each patient had at least 14 days of follow-up. We identified 24 patients with confirmed Covid-19. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 64±18 years, 63% were men, and symptoms began 7±4 days before admission. The most common symptoms were cough and shortness of breath; 50% of patients had fever on admission, and 58% had diabetes mellitus. All the patients were admitted for hypoxemic respiratory failure; 75% (18 patients) needed mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (17) also had hypotension and needed vasopressors. No patient tested positive for influenza A, influenza B, or other respiratory viruses. Half the patients (12) died between ICU day 1 and day 18, including 4 patients who had a do-not-resuscitate order on admission. Of the 12 surviving patients, 5 were discharged home, 4 were discharged from the ICU but remained in the hospital, and 3 continued to receive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. During the first 3 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak in the Seattle area, the most common reasons for admission to the ICU were hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation, hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment, or both. Mortality among these critically ill patients was high. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
The contribution of pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity to the development of regional differences in lung injury and edema is unknown. To test whether regional differences in pulmonary perfusion are associated with regional differences in microvascular function during lung injury, pigs were mechanically ventilated in the prone position and infused with endotoxin (Escherichia coli 055:B5, 0.15 microg. kg(-1). h(-1); n = 8) or saline (n = 4) for 4 h. Extravascular albumin accumulation and perfusion were measured in multiple approximately 0.7-ml lung regions by injecting pigs with radiolabeled albumin and radioactive microspheres, respectively. Extravascular albumin accumulation was spatially heterogeneous but not correlated with regional perfusion. Extravascular albumin accumulation was greater in dorsal than ventral regions, and regions with similar albumin accumulation were spatially clustered. This spatial organization was less evident in endotoxemic than control pigs. We conclude that there are regional differences in lung albumin accumulation that are spatially organized but not mediated by regional differences in pulmonary perfusion. We speculate that regional differences in microvascular pressure or endothelial function may account for the observed distribution of extravascular albumin accumulation.
