Maria Antonia Serge

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Florence Mazier

Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès

Ralph Fyfe

University of Plymouth

Jens‐Christian Svenning

Aarhus University

Elena A. Pearce

Aarhus University

Agnès Lagnoux

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

Didier Galop

Géographie de l'environnement

Anhelina Zapolska

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Laurent Marquer

Universität Innsbruck

Thierry Klein

Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse

Didier M. Roche

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Lund University

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Universidad de Granada

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

University of Bern

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

University of Göttingen

Aarhus University

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European-scale agent-based model to track anthropogenic and natural impacts on vegetation during the Last Interglacial and the Early Holocene

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2023)

Anastasia Nikulina Fulco Scherjon Katharine MacDonald Anhelina Zapolska Maria Antonia Serge

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Hunter-gatherer impact on European interglacial vegetation: A modelling approach

Quaternary Science Reviews (2023)

Anastasia Nikulina Katharine MacDonald Anhelina Zapolska Maria Antonia Serge Didier M. Roche

This article focuses on hunter-gatherer impact on interglacial vegetation in Europe, using a case study from the Early Holocene (9200–8700 BP). We present a novel agent-based model, hereafter referred to as HUMLAND (HUMan impact on LANDscapes), specifically developed to define key factors in continental-level vegetation changes via assessment of differences between pollen-based reconstruction and dynamic global vegetation model output (climate-based vegetation cover). The identified significant difference between these two datasets can be partially explained by the difference in the models themselves, but also by the fact that climate is not the sole factor responsible for vegetation change. Sensitivity analysis of HUMLAND showed that the intensity of anthropogenic vegetation modification mainly depended on three factors: the number of groups present, their preferences for vegetation openness around campsites, and the size of an area impacted by humans. Overall, both climate and human activities had strong impacts on vegetation openness during the study period. Our modelling results support the hypothesis that European ecosystems were strongly shaped by human activities already in the Mesolithic.

Mesolithic

10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108439

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Quantifying soil erosion during the Holocene by coupling land surface modeling and paleoenvironmental approaches

Théo Mazure Georges‐Marie Saulnier Florence Mazier Maria Antonia Serge Erwann Messager

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Author response for "Higher abundance of disturbance‐favoured trees and shrubs in European temperate woodlands prior to the late‐quaternary extinction of megafauna"

Elena A. Pearce Florence Mazier Ralph Fyfe CHARLES DAVISON Signe Normand

Megafauna

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

10.1111/1365-2745.14422/v3/response1

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Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Land (2023)

Maria Antonia Serge Florence Mazier Ralph Fyfe Marie‐José Gaillard Thierry Klein

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity.

Land Cover

10.3390/land12050986

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What can climate-forced vegetation modelling and pollen-based reconstructions tell us about anthropogenic impact on European vegetation of the Holocene

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2023)

Anhelina Zapolska Maria Antonia Serge Florence Mazier Aurélien Quiquet Mathieu Vrac

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Changes in plant diversity and vegetation strcture based on REVEALS reconstructed vegetation of Europe during the Holocene

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2023)

Caterina Rohm Maria Antonia Serge Ralf Fyfe Laurent Marquer Agnès Lagnoux

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Higher abundance of disturbance‐favoured trees and shrubs in European temperate woodlands prior to the late‐quaternary extinction of megafauna

Journal of Ecology (2024)

Elena A. Pearce Florence Mazier Ralph Fyfe CHARLES DAVISON Signe Normand

Abstract Large herbivorous mammals strongly influence vegetation structure by creating and maintaining open areas and causing disturbance within closed woody habitats. The herbivores alive today in Europe are only a small remnant of the large species that existed in high diversity and abundance before modern humans. The extinction of so many large herbivores during the last 50,000 years, and the loss of megaherbivores (body weight ≥1000 kg) from most of the continent before the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, is likely to have had cascading effects on vegetation structure and composition. To evaluate these effects within the European temperate forest biome, we examine the abundance change of three important European woody taxa (deciduous oaks, Quercus spp.; hazel, Corylus [mainly C. avellana ]; and yew, Taxus baccata ) before and after the late‐Quaternary downgrading of the region's large herbivore fauna. These taxa are disturbance‐favoured, depend on canopy openings for regeneration, and tend to decline in closed dense forests. Quercus and Corylus may thrive in systems affected by megafauna herbivory or fire, whilst Taxus is fire‐sensitive but can thrive in grazed systems. Using pollen‐based reconstructions (REVEALS), we investigated the proportional cover of these three focal taxa in the Last Interglacial (129,000–116,000 before present [BP]) and early–mid‐Holocene (8700–5700 BP). We found that woodlands in the Last Interglacial exhibited higher cover of Corylus and Taxus relative to the Holocene, with the former reaching very high percentage cover; meanwhile, Quercus had a consistent, moderately high percentage cover in both periods. Furthermore, we found that the cover of Corylus and Taxus appeared to be influenced more by unmeasured, non‐climatic factors than Quercus . Synthesis : The abundance of Taxus suggests a limited role of fire; whilst the observed levels of Taxus , Corylus and Quercus align with the potential influence of megafauna herbivory; however, a direct quantitative link remains to be established. Our results suggest that vegetation was structurally and compositionally affected by differences in disturbance regimes between the Last Interglacial and early–mid‐Holocene, with the loss of diverse disturbance regimes likely contributing to the divergence of Holocene vegetation from long‐term ecological baselines.

Megafauna

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

10.1111/1365-2745.14422

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TERRANOVA from the last and current Interglacial periods into the Anthropocene: an Atlas database drawing lessons from ancient land use for future European landscape management

Sjoerd Kluiving Didier M. Roche Anhelina Zapolska Elena A. Pearce Jens‐Christian Svenning

<p>TERRANOVA is a Marie Sk&#322;odowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (H2020-MSCA-ITN) project (2019-2023) training 15 PhD students in a new learning initiative between Humanities and Science: Mapping past environments and energy regimes, rethinking human-environment interaction and designing land management tools for policy. TERRANOVA will produce an unprecedented atlas with layers of reconstructed and modelled land-use and vegetation dynamics, climate change and mega-fauna history in Europe from the Eemian (Last Interglacial) and the Holocene from the start up until the present day. This paper describes the intermediate results of two years of research into Atlas building. Communication and data exchange, as well as the process of atlas generation work flow, have been undertaken, including examples of datasets from deep history, ancient landscapes, energy regimes and climate scenarios. The atlas database implements state-of-the-art standards for increasing the interoperability of spatiotemporal datasets. It is currently formed by four main data types: Archaeological data, Climate data, Land cover data, and Megafauna (i.e. large mammals) distribution. The intermediate publication concludes with listing the next steps to stream the Terranova atlas as a tool for communicating the European history of environmental change, including support for future landscape management policies.</p>

Anthropocene

10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5465

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Holocene REVEALS pollen-based land-cover reconstructions in Europe - exploring dynamics in diversity and resilience gives new insights into recent destabilization and homogenization

Maria Antonia Serge Caterina Röhm Ralf Fyfe Didier Galop Thierry Klein

Homogenization

Land Cover

Resilience

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