Results of planting date and insecticide efficacy experiments targeting Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on rice, Oryza sativa L., in southeastern Texas between 2002 and 2007 were used to determine density-yield relationships as a function of planting date. Soil core samples were collected on two dates during main crop development to estimate immature L. oryzophilus populations followed by main and ratoon crop harvests. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that planting date did not affect the density-main crop yield relationship during most years and that these relationships varied substantially among years. For ratoon crop yield, an effect of main crop L. oryzophilus immature infestation was detected during some years, but the real effect of these populations on ratoon crop yield remains unclear. Using estimates of yield reduction per L. oryzophilus immature, economic injury levels were calculated. Main crop yields from treated plots and first soil core sample L. oryzophilus immature populations from untreated plots were significantly higher in plots planted at recommended dates than in plots planted earlier or later. This suggests that the presence of high populations of reproductive L. oryzophilus coincides with the period when rice fields planted at optimum dates are flooded. Results from this study reinforce the importance of managing L. oryzophilus populations when planting rice at recommended dates in southeastern Texas.
espanolEl dano causado por los nematodos es uno de los factores importantes que provoca la reduccion de los rendimientos en plantaciones de platano ya establecidas, ocasionando danos en las raices y todos los estados fisiologicos del cultivo. En condiciones tropicales se reporta Radopholus similis como el mas frecuente y abundante en cualquier estado de la planta. Las restricciones economicas y ambientales que existen para la adquisicion y uso de productos quimicos para su control, impone la busqueda de alternativas con productos naturales, en este sentido el uso de la zeolita pudiera ser una de esas alternativas. El estudio se desarrollo en el ano 2011, en areas del Instituto de Biotecnologia de Ecuador en un suelo inceptisol y utilizando zeolita procedente del yacimiento de Tasajera en la provincia de Villa Clara, con un tamano de granulo de 1-3 mm. Se emplearon 5 tratamientos con 4 replicas, (T1) Sin zeolita; (T2) Zeolita al 12,5 %; (T3) Zeolita al 25 %; (T4) zeolita al 50 %; (T5) Zeolita al 75 %, evaluandose la poblacion de nematodos por especies y el peso de las raices a los 12 meses, en el propio Instituto. Los resultados fueron evaluados estadisticamente por el metodo de varianza simple. Se encontro efecto positivo de la zeolita sobre tres especies de nematodos, siendo la mejor variante 50 % de zeolita, con Radopholus. EnglishThe damaged caused by nematodes is one of the important factors that cause the reduction of growing of the banana plantations causing damages in the roots and the physiologic states of the cultivation. Under tropical conditions Radopholus similis is reported as the most frequent and abundant in in any state of the plant. The economic and environmental that exist for the acquisition of the chemical products, for its control impose the look for natural product alternatives the, in this case the use of zeolite could be one of this alternatives. The study was carried out in 2011 in the areas surrounding the biotechnology institute in Ecuador in a inceptisol soil and using zeolite from the deposit of Tasajera in Villa Clara province, with a granule size of 1-3mm. Three treatments with 4 different copies (t1 without zeolite; (T2) Zeolite 12,5%; (T3) Zeolite 25%; (T4) zeolite 50%; (T5) Zeolite 75%, making an evaluation of the nematodes population according to the weight of the roots after twelve months, in the same institute. The results were statistic evaluated according to the simple variance method. It was found a positive effect of the zeolite on three species of nematode, being the best variant 50 % of zeolite, with the following order about the control of the species of nematodes Radopholus.