Growing potable water demand associated with water shortage in remote coastal communities mandates identification and evaluation of viable water supply options. This paper addresses technical and financial analysis of water supply options in northwest Egypt as a typical remote coastal community on the Mediterranean. Water supply and energy availability are the main challenges hindering possible potential development schemes. Population reallocation programs being the core of any development plan should rely upon availability and accessibility of water and energy resources. The technically feasible proposed options for water supply scenarios to northwest Egypt comprise long-distance water transfer pipeline (LDWTP), large-scale desalination, or a combination of the two. Each option has been incorporated with a water reuse component and investigated for a daily capacity of 200,000 m3/d of fresh water. Since all the options are energy intensive in nature, they have been assessed from economic and energy standpoints. Thus, both conventional and small nuclear energy supply schemes have been considered. The estimated capital costs were $M 741.9, 260.0, and 634.5, while the unit water costs were $/m3 0.92, 0.73, and 0.81 for LDWTP, desalination and joint LDWTP/desalination options, respectively. The merits of cost-effectiveness, energy saving, technical reliability, and environmental aspects were manifested by the second proposed option.

Capital cost

10.1080/19443994.2013.794573

Cite

Citations (1)

Characterization of hydrogel synthesized from natural polysaccharides blend grafted acrylamide using microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) techniques

Starch - Stärke (2012)

Mohamed H. Sorour Marwa M. El Sayed Nabil Abd El Moneem H.A. Talaat Hayam Shalaan

Abstract Grafting is a powerful method for producing substantial modification in the polysaccharide polymer properties thereby enlarging the range of its utilization. The aim of this work is to identify the appropriate conditions for grafting a candidate synthetic monomer (acrylamide) onto a blend of polysaccharides (PsB) comprising of starch, chitosan, and alginate. Grafting process was carried out in the presence of a low concentration of potassium persulfate initiator and methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker using microwave (MW) or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation techniques. Different Am/PsB weight ratios (0.6–0.96) has been performed. The produced hydrogel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as nitrogen percent (%N). This study is focusing on comparing hydrogel samples in terms of grafting percentage (%G), grafting efficiency (%GE) and %add‐on. UV graft PsB (PsB‐ g ‐Am) gave the highest %G (157.8%), %GE (84%), %add‐on (61.95%) and %N (8.79%). Swelling water ratio (SWR) for the grafted samples in distilled water (DW) and different pH solutions (3–13) has been studied. UV grafted hydrogel gave a maximum SWR of 39 g/g. Am/PsB weight ratio and irradiation source had a direct effect on SWR of the produced hydrogel.

Potassium persulfate

Distilled water

Ultraviolet

10.1002/star.201200108

Cite

Citations (40)

Development of membrane blend using casting technique for water desalination

Membrane Water Treatment (2012)

Ayman El‐Gendi Sahar S. Ali Sohair A. Sayed Ahmed H.A. Talaat

Membrane separation technologies have some of advantages are considered a better alternative to traditional methods. Research of novel membranes is very vital for covering the higher required of membrane in several purposes like water desalting technology. In this work polyamide-6/cellulose acetate (PA-6/CA) blend membrane was developed according to the wet phase inversion system. The structures of the prepared membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed uniform particles distribution in the prepared membranes. Moreover, SEM images revealed that the membranes have relatively uniform surface (PA-6/CA). PA-6/CA blend membranes systems are evaluated by using synthetic NaCl solution. The separation performance showed that salt rejection increased with increasing of heat treatment of the casted films and it was improved with increasing of operating pressure.

Phase inversion

Cellulose acetate

10.12989/mwt.2012.3.3.201

Cite

Citations (9)

Desalination of agricultural drainage water

Desalination (1992)

Mohamed H. Sorour A.G. Abulnour H.A. Talaat

Potable water

Water source

10.1016/0011-9164(92)80024-4

Cite

Citations (12)