Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

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Thierry Wetzel

Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum

Carmen Büttner

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Martina Bandte

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Jens Ehlers

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Antonio Olmos

Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias

Ana Belén Ruiz-García

Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias

Susanne von Bargen

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Sébastien Massart

Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech

A. Okić

University of Sarajevo

Akbar Dizadji

University of Tehran

Cooperative Institutions

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

University of Tehran

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

University of Liège

Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech

Université de Strasbourg

University of Tabriz

Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie

Université de Bordeaux

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique

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Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example

Plants (2023)

Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Jens Ehlers Mehran Monavari Susanne von Bargen J. Hamacher

After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap.

Disinfectant

10.3390/plants12040894

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Citations (7)

Analysis of the Spatial Dispersion of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus on Surfaces in a Commercial Tomato Production Site

Horticulturae (2023)

Jens Ehlers Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Stefanie Liedtke Bärbel Kroschewski Carmen Büttner

The tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) causes severe damage to tomato cultivars and has international economic importance. The harmful tobamovirus is easily mechanically transmissible and highly stable. An ongoing cultivation of infected tomato plants may lead to the spread of ToBRFV in and around the production area of the infested tomato farm. We conducted a study in which we collected a representative number of swab samples from various inanimate surfaces in greenhouses, packaging halls, and shared and private accommodations. In addition, numerous fabrics, such as outer clothing, bed linen, and items used by greenhouse workers, were tested. The infectivity of ToBRFV-contaminated surfaces was tested in bioassays using Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN and confirmed using DAS-ELISA. The proportion of ToBRFV-contaminated surfaces varied among locations, from 48.7% in greenhouses to 0% in offices with limited access to staff. Samples from shared accommodation and private accommodation were 18.4% and 3.6% ToBRFV positive, respectively. Clothing and protective items were found to be highly contaminated with ToBRFV, and even around the sleeping area, infective ToBRFV was detected in a few apartments. This study provides evidence for the first time on how and where infectious ToBRFV can be spread by humans beyond the production area. To avoid further dissemination, strict hygiene protocols are required to interrupt transmission routes.

10.3390/horticulturae9050611

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Citations (6)

Genetic analysis of Iranian population of Potato leafroll virus based on ORF0

Virus Genes (2012)

Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Masoud Shams‐Bakhsh Neda Zand Nemat Sokhandan-Bashir Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh

Genetic Analysis

Potato leafroll virus

10.1007/s11262-012-0804-z

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Citations (8)

Association of satellite RNA with Grapevine fanleaf virus in its geographical origin and sequence characteristics

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi (2021)

Afsaneh Delpasand Khabbazi Nemat Sokhandan Bashir Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani

The region between The Caspian Sea and Black Sea has been hypothesized as the origin of grapevine. Likewise, an extensive study on Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) from this region suggests this region as a possible origin of the virus. However, as yet there is no information as to whether or not the virus variants from this region accompanied with the virus satellite RNA (satRNA) and if so, how diverse theses satRNAs can be. To answer these questions, Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates were collected from different vineyards in the northwest region of Iran for the occurrence of the satellite RNA. A total of 421 samples including Vitis vinifera , Chenopodium quinoa , Chenopodium amaranticolor , Cynodon dactylis , Medicago sativa were initially screened against GFLV by RT-PCR with the coat protein primers (Cp433, Cp912). When the GFLV-infected plants (36 samples) were screened by RT-PCR with the newly designed satRNA primers Gf750 and Gr750, three samples appeared to possess the satRNA. The satellite cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced and when the resulting data were compared with sequences of previously-reported satRNA of GFLV and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), 70–98% and 69–71% similarities were found, respectively. Phylogenetic studies revealed distinctness of the satRNAs from Iran. This may suggest coevolution of the satRNA with the helper virus because GFLV isolates from this region also form a distinct branch. Among previously reported corresponding satRNA sequences to those from Slovenia and South Central Europe were the closest. This study also reports C. amaranticolor as the natural host for GFLV, which was previously reported only as an experimental host.

Nepovirus

Alfalfa mosaic virus

Chenopodium quinoa

Helper virus

10.15832/ankutbd.549511

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Citations (0)

Decontamination of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus-Contaminated Shoe Soles under Practical Conditions

Horticulturae (2022)

Jens Ehlers Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Bärbel Kroschewski Carmen Büttner Martina Bandte

Due to its global spread, easy mechanical transmissibility inside greenhouses, and detrimental effects on marketability, Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is considered to be one of the biggest threats to tomato production. Regarding such crop epidemics, it is essential to identify all conceivable transmission routes and to interrupt them with effective decontamination strategies. We analyzed the potential efficacy of reliable shoe sole cleaning in combination with a disinfection measure. For this purpose, first, a suspension test was undertaken that involved applying different disinfectants to an infected plant homogenate. This was followed by a simulated carrier test. Finally, shoe-sole decontamination was tested under practical conditions. The extent of decontamination was determined by bioassays of the infectivity of the initial load remaining after treatment. Thereby, necrotic local lesions on the susceptible indicator plant Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN were counted. Recommendations for practical applications, based on suspension or simulated carrier tests, are limited in their applicability, since very short contact times between ToBRFV and disinfectants reduce efficacy. Under practical conditions, the approved disinfectant MENNO Florades was able to achieve complete inactivation of the virus in the disinfection mat following mechanical depletion from the shoe soles.

Human decontamination

Infectivity

Biosafety

Disinfectant

10.3390/horticulturae8121210

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Citations (11)

First report of grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus in grapevine in Iran

Journal of Plant Pathology (2020)

Maryam Khalili Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Sébastien Massart Akbar Dizadji Antonio Olmos

10.1007/s42161-020-00599-y

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Citations (3)

First Report of Grapevine Red Globe Virus in Grapevine in Germany

Plant Disease (2018)

Ana Belén Ruiz-García Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani A. Okić Antonio Olmos Thierry Wetzel

10.1094/pdis-01-18-0105-pdn

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Citations (9)

Molecular Population Genetics of Aspen Mosaic-Associated Virus in Finland and Sweden

Viruses (2023)

Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Rim Al Kubrusli Serghei Iancev Risto Jalkanen Carmen Büttner

Aspen mosaic-associated virus (AsMaV) is a newly identified Emaravirus, in the family Fimoviridae, Bunyavirales, associated with mosaic symptoms in aspen trees (Populus tremula). Aspen trees are widely distributed in Europe and understanding the population structure of AsMaV may aid in the development of better management strategies. The virus genome consists of five negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) molecules. To investigate the genetic diversity and population parameters of AsMaV, different regions of the genome were amplified and analyzed and full-length sequence of the divergent isolates were cloned and sequenced. The results show that RNA3 or nucleoprotein is a good representative for studying genetic diversity in AsMaV. Developed RT-PCR-RFLP was able to identify areas with a higher number of haplotypes and could be applied for screening the large number of samples. In general, AsMaV has a conserved genome and based on the phylogenetic studies, geographical structuring was observed in AsMaV isolates from Sweden and Finland, which could be attributed to founder effects. The genome of AsMaV is under purifying selection but not distributed uniformly on genomic RNAs. Distant AsMaV isolates displayed amino acid sequence variations compared to other isolates, and bioinformatic analysis predicted potential post-translational modification sites in some viral proteins.

Mosaic

Population Genetics

10.3390/v15081678

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Citations (0)

First report of grapevine red globe virus in grapevine in Iran

Journal of Plant Pathology (2021)

Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani Maryam Khalili Akbar Dizadji Thierry Wetzel

Plant biochemistry

10.1007/s42161-021-00749-w

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Citations (5)