Journal Article A human minisatellite probe reveals RFLPs among individuals of two angiosperms Get access Steven Rogstad, Steven Rogstad * Department of Biology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John C. Patton, John C. Patton Department of Biology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Babara A. Schaal Babara A. Schaal Department of Biology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 23, 9 December 1988, Page 11378, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.23.11378 Published: 09 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 20 October 1988 Published: 09 December 1988
Journal Article The M13 repeat probe detects RFLPs between two strains of the protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum Get access Steven H. Rogstad, Steven H. Rogstad * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara L. Herwaldt, Barbara L. Herwaldt 1Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Research and Pathology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul H. Schlesinger, Paul H. Schlesinger 1Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Research and Pathology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald J. Krogstad Donald J. Krogstad 1Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Research and Pathology, Washington UniversitySt Louis, MO 63130, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 9, 11 May 1989, Page 3610, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.9.3610 Published: 11 May 1989 Article history Received: 24 March 1989 Published: 11 May 1989
Recently published molecular phylogenies of the Annonaceae have confirmed the long-held hypothesis that the large paleotropical genus Polyalthia is polyphyletic. Species previously assigned to Polyalthia are now known to belong to up to six distinct, generally well-supported clades. Three members of a group of six species previously referred to as the Polyalthia hypoleuca complex form a monophyletic group (with 99% bootstrap support) that is only distantly related to the other species of Polyalthia sampled. Putative morphological synapomorphies are assessed, and justification provided for validating a new generic name, Maasia . Six species names in the Polyalthia hypoleuca complex are accordingly transferred to Maasia : M. discolor , M. glauca , M. hypoleuca , M. multinervis , M. ovalifolia , and M. sumatrana .
Gambel oak is a short shrub to medium‐sized tree of southwest North America for which the potential to grow in large clonal stands has been proposed. Here we use three different multilocus VNTR DNA probes (synthesized via PCR) to demonstrate that clones growing together can be identified, but individual clones exceeding 50 m in diameter do not commonly occur in the study population of Quercus gambelii . Further, using a hierarchical sampling scheme (three circular transects with diameters of 9, 1100, and 28 000 m), we estimate that for nonclonal individuals: (i) mean number of bands analysed per individual = 22.92; (ii) mean similarity (band sharing) between individuals = 0.322; (iii) mean probability that two randomly chosen individuals share all bands = 4.93 × 10 –11 ; and (iv) mean estimated heterozygosity = 0.796. F ST calculated for the two nonclonal levels of the sampling hierarchy was 0.023, indicating that little genetic differentiation exists between them. These results support previous findings that, due to life‐history traits of the genus and this species (out‐crossing, wind‐pollinated, animal‐dispersed, long‐lived woody perennials), gene flow is high and genetic subdivision of populations is low in oaks. At this study site, the clonal nature demonstrated for Gambel oak appears to have little detectable effect on these population genetic characteristics.
Substantial resources are spent each year on weed control, but in many cases eradication projects are incomplete. Here we used the computer program NEWGARDEN to model whether alternate geometric patterns of incomplete removal (99% removed) of the increasingly invasive Callery pear from an isolated fragment differentially affect the rate of population recovery and genetic diversity retention. Geometric patterns of remaining founders within the fragment (1% of the fragment area) included: (A) a long rectangular strip centered on one edge; (B) a square at one corner; (C) a central square; or (D) scattered randomly throughout the entire fragment. Population re-growth and genetic diversity retention measures for each geometric removal pattern were modeled under two contrasting gene dispersal patterns (via both offspring and pollen): short versus long dispersal (both leptokurtic relative to the pistillate plant). After 14 bouts of mating, the greatest difference in census size among comparative recovery populations amounted to 393% (centered founders, long gene dispersal > scattered founders, short gene dispersal). The best pattern of removal for suppressing population regrowth was to leave founders scattered throughout the fragment when gene dispersal was short, or at one corner if gene dispersal was long. The only removal pattern that differed substantially in population genetics characteristics was when remnant individuals were left scattered throughout the fragment and dispersal was short (alleles continued to be lost; observed heterozygosity dropped 13.3% and was still rapidly declining; and inbreeding and/or subdivision were moderate (F it = 0.12) and still rapidly increasing). Such comparative modeling can be used to suggest removal patterns that might greatly outperform other removal modalities in terms of suppressing the return of weed populations. The effectiveness of such modeling will be improved by acquisition of accurate life history information of targeted species.
Several kinds of minisatellite DNA, all of which are composed of low to moderately repetitive DNA, have been identified in tetrapod genomes. While the repeating oligonucleotide elements (subrepeats) of a given minisatellite are virtually identical, subrepeat nucleotide composition differs between different minisatellites. Several minisatellites have exhibited moderate to high levels of restriction length polymorphism in a number of tetrapods. Such hypervariable markers provide powerful tools for genetic analyses in several fields of biology. Minisatellite applications have been restricted to tetrapods, but here we demonstrate that one probe, the M13 repeat probe previously used to detect minisatellites in humans and bovines, also reveals minisatellite-bearing endonuclease fragments in gymnosperms and angiosperms. While the plant minisatellites appear to be somatically stable within an individual, they often vary within species in potentially useful ways. These results demonstrate that minisatellite-like families may be distributed over a wide taxonomic range in eukaryotes, opening the possibility of a commensurately wide utility of minisatellite probes in genetic analyses.
