To present an accurate prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect and to illustrate how early diagnosis in prenatal period with proper referral and counseling can optimize management. A case with coarctation of the aorta with ventricle septal defect was found to have an abnormal three vessel view at 12 weeks, and with close follow-ups, coarctation of the aorta with ventricle septal defect was diagnosed at 24 weeks. Following the support from a multidisciplinary team that provided counseling, diagnosis, and follow-ups, the pregnant woman decided to continue with the pregnancy and had a vaginal delivery at a medical center. The newborn made an uneventful recovery after undergoing cardiac surgery on day 9. The case demonstrates the role a fetal medicine team plays in diagnosing, supporting, and seamlessly transferring the congenital heart disease case from the first line obstetrician to the cardiac surgeon. A multi-disciplinary team approach was able to lead to improved perinatal outcome of the congenital heart disease case.
Background: Modern therapeutics and health care improvements prolong stroke patients' survival; however, the degree of disability remains high. Stroke survivors often require caregivers, particularly in the first year after the onset of the stroke. Longitudinal assessment of and factors associated with caregiver burden (CGB) among caregivers of stroke patients has been scarcely discussed. This study aimed to define the changes in CGB in the first year of caregiving among the caregivers of stroke patients and to identify associated factors.Methods: A prospective, multi-centered observational study was conducted in nine public hospitals in Mongolia. We used the Montgomery CGB Scale for assessing CGB, and repeated the assessment after 1 year. Stroke patient characteristics were included in the analyses. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to analyze changes in CGB.Results: A paired t-test analysis revealed that demand burden increased (from 12.61 to 11.50, p = 0.034), whereas stress burden decreased (from 10.69 to 11.60, p = 0.016). Although objective burden decreased, the difference was not significant. Factors associated with these changes in CGB were the caregiver's marital status, the caregiver's relationship with the patient, financial difficulties, and the patient's sex and dependency.Discussion: The information on factors predicting changes in CGB in the first year of caregiving provided in this study suggests that social or financial support can assist in reducing CGB among the caregivers of post-stroke patients.
Hypertension and diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Telemedicine is an accessible and cost-effective means of supporting hypertension and diabetes management, especially as the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of technological solutions for care. However, to date, no review has examined the contextual factors that influence the implementation of telemedicine interventions for hypertension or diabetes worldwide.We adopted a comprehensive implementation research perspective to synthesize the barriers to and facilitators of implementing telemedicine interventions for the management of hypertension, diabetes, or both.We performed a scoping review involving searches in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies published in English from 2017 to 2022 describing barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of telemedicine interventions for hypertension and diabetes management. The coding and synthesis of barriers and facilitators were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Of the 17,687 records identified, 35 (0.2%) studies were included in our scoping review. We found that facilitators of and barriers to implementation were dispersed across the constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Barriers related to cost, patient needs and resources (eg, lack of consideration of language needs, culture, and rural residency), and personal attributes of patients (eg, demographics and priorities) were the most common. Facilitators related to the design and packaging of the intervention (eg, user-friendliness), patient needs and resources (eg, personalized information that leveraged existing strengths), implementation climate (eg, intervention embedded into existing infrastructure), knowledge of and beliefs about the intervention (eg, convenience of telemedicine), and other personal attributes (eg, technical literacy) were the most common.Our findings suggest that the successful implementation of telemedicine interventions for hypertension and diabetes requires comprehensive efforts at the planning, execution, engagement, and reflection and evaluation stages of intervention implementation to address challenges at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and environmental levels.
In Taiwan, national tobacco use surveys show that e-cigarette use has increased since 2014 among youth, while, at the same time, conventional cigarette smoking has continuously decreased. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the increased popularity of e-cigarettes has undermined this favourable declining trend for cigarette smoking.We examined conventional cigarette and e-cigarette prevalence among male high school students (aged 16-18 years) and adults from 2004 to 2017, using data from cross-sectional nationally representative surveys. Applying interrupted time series analysis, we assessed whether there was a change in trend in 2014, when e-cigarette use started to gain popularity from long-term trends in prior years (2004-2013).E-cigarette use prevalence increased from 2.5% in 2014 to 6.4% in 2017 among male high school students but was negligible among male adults, declining from 1.4% in 2015 to 0.8% in 2017. The annual relative decline in the cigarette smoking rate after e-cigarettes started to gain popularity was greater (-10%) than the long-term trend (-2%) among high school students. Among adults, the change in trend over time after e-cigarettes started to gain popularity was not significant (ie, not significantly different from 0).The increased popularity of e-cigarettes since 2014 is associated with a greater decline in youth smoking, compared with previous years. On the contrary, e-cigarette use has remained very low among Taiwanese male adults and no additional impact on the conventional smoking trend is found.
BACKGROUND: Maternal and congenital syphilis prevalence rates are currently rapidly increasing in Mongolia. The Ministry of Health has been implementing on-site rapid screening test (RT) intervention and same day treatment approach for maternal syphilis with the contribution of the WHO since November 2007. OBJECTIVES: To understand the cost- effectiveness (CE) of screening antenatal syphilis using the RT strategy, to compare this intervention with RPR testing strategy. And in order to estimate CE we found out maternal syphilis prevalence. METHODS: Ingredients-based cost data and epidemiological data were collected retrospectively. Descriptive analysis has done for prevalence of syphilis, and economic analysis has done to calculate costs. Stability of cost-effectiveness ratios were evaluated by the univariate sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: With antenatal syphilis prevalence of 3.0% (1.46% in urban and 5.7% in sub-urban area), the cost effectiveness was US$ 14.60/DALY for RT intervention and US$ 17.88/DALY for RPR intervention. CERs were more sensitive to the prevalence rate, sensitivity of tests, and DALY discount rate. CONCLUSION: Using the on-site antenatal rapid testing, same day treatment for positive results, and confirmed by RPR testing approach is cost-effective in Mongolia.
Introduction: The amount of information being uploaded onto social video platforms, such as YouTube, Vimeo, and Veoh, continues to spiral, making it increasingly difficult to discern reliable health information from misleading content. There are thousands of YouTube videos promoting misleading information about anorexia (eg, anorexia as a healthy lifestyle).
ABSTRACT Background There is no accurate data on the epidemiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) in Canada. The aims of the study were to describe the epidemiology of confirmed ME/CFS cases and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods This is a cross-sectional study with British Columbia Generations Project (BCGP) participants who self-reported having CFS and population-based controls with no fatiguing illness. Participants completed the Symptoms Assessment Questionnaire, RAND 36-item Health Survey, and Phenotyping Questionnaire Short-form. These assessments enabled the identification and characterization of “confirmed cases” of ME/CFS. Those with self-reported diagnoses who did not meet study diagnosis of ME/CFS were subcategorized as “non-ME/CFS cases.” Results We included 187 participants, 45.5% (n=85) self-reported cases and 54.5% (n=102) controls; 34% (n=29) of those who self-reported ME/CFS fulfilled diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. The population prevalence rates were 1.1% and 0.4% for self-reported and confirmed ME/CFS cases respectively. Participants displayed significantly lower scores in all eight SF-36 domains compared to the other groups. Mental component scores were similar between ME/CFS and non-ME/CFS groups. The main risk factor for low HRQoL scores was fatigue severity (β = - 0.6, p<0.001 for physical health; β = -0.7, p<0.001 for mental health). Conclusions The majority of self-reported cases do not meet diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS, suggesting that self-reported CFS may not be a reliable indicator for a true ME/CFS diagnosis. HRQoL indicators were consistently lower in ME/CFS and non-ME/CFS cases compared to controls, with ME/CFS cases having lower scores in most domains. Having higher symptom severity scores and perceived poorer health were the significant affecting factors of lower HRQoL. Although self-report can be used as screening to identify cases in populations, we suggest studies of ME/CFS should include appropriate medically confirmed clinical diagnosis for validity. Further large-scale population-based studies with simultaneous medical assessment are suggested to further characterize validity parameters of self-reported diagnosis.