In this paper, as a practical approach to building a human-centered cyber-physical system (CPS), we propose a software platform that integrates hardware and software materials to realize a human digital twin (HDT) including model construction, data acquisition, analysis, and intervention in terms of the physical load and physical capabilities of humans. Furthermore, as a case study of this platform in industrial applications, we introduce an example of a human-centered CPS in which humans and robots work together to realize better human workability and production line productivity within the system.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification is a major therapeutic target in breast cancer, and has been introduced as a predictive biomarker to identify patients who may benefit from therapy with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 agents. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 somatic mutations have been reported in patients without human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene amplification. Since these are activating mutations, these patients may also benefit from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted drugs. In this study, we searched for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mutations in a group of 286 Japanese breast cancer patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors. The activating mutations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 identified were analyzed by direct Sanger sequencing of two major areas: the extracellular domain at 309–310 and the kinase domain between 755 and 781. Two tumors were found to have a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 somatic mutation; one with I767M mutation and another with D769Y. No mutation was observed in the extracellular domain. One of these patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mutation recurred early with liver metastasis. Better knowledge of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mutation status will help us to choose personalized molecular targeted therapy for use in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative Japanese breast cancer patients.
Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression status in breast cancer are important factors in determining the use of adjuvant therapy. Plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone vary markedly through the menstrual cycle. Recently, the levels of PgR expression were reported to be correlated with E2 at the time of surgery in Caucasian premenopausal breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: In this study, plasma E2 levels at surgery were examined for correlations with expressions of estrogen-regulated genes (ERGs), including PgR, and proliferation genes in 147 Japanese premenopausal ER-positive breast cancers. Plasma E2 and progesterone, FSH, and LH were measured on the day of surgery by ECLIA and mRNA expressions were analyzed for 4 ERGs (PgR, GREB1, TFF1, PDZK1), 2 progesterone-regulated (RANKL, cyclin D1) and 2 proliferation genes (MKI67, BIRC5) by RT-PCR using the TaqMan system. ER and PgR protein expression levels were estimated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our results revealed that expressions of PgR mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissues were significantly correlated with plasma E2 levels at surgery (p = 0.005, p = 0.0165, respectively). Other ERGs were also significantly correlated with plasma E2 levels. However, there were no correlations between mRNA expressions of proliferation genes, MKI67 and BIRC5, and plasma E2 levels. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of the progesterone-regulated genes, RANKL and cyclin D1, were significantly correlated with PgR mRNA expression (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). Discussion: Significant correlations were seen in the expression of ERGs in Japanese ER-positive breast cancers according to the plasma E2 levels, which vary markedly through the menstrual cycle. Our results supported the previous report in Caucasian patients by other group. This variability may affect the interpretation of gene expression profiles incorporating ERGs such as the 21-gene recurrence score. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-04.
This paper presents a driver information system that uses Dependable Autonomous hard Real-time MAnagement (DARMA) technology which is able to operate multiplexed operating systems on a single processor. The system features an open operating system (OS) that operates multimedia telematics applications. It also has a very reliable real-time OS (RTOS) which operates mission-critical software such as a legacy navigation software. A common device function is developed for peripheral device competition problems between the two operating systems, while common data function is developed to coordinate operations between these multimedia services. The paper also describes a prototype system which is verified by the operation of some application software.
The technique for repair of large defects in the diaphragm by the use of an ipsilateral or contralateral flap from the external oblique abdominal muscle was successfully used during five hepatic resections and has been described herein.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a new method of reconstructing the hand models for individuals, which include the link structure models, the homologous skin surface models and the homologous tetrahedral mesh models in a reference posture. As for the link structure model, the local coordinate system related to each link consists of the joint rotation center and the axes of joint rotation, which can be estimated based on the trajectories of optimal markers on the relative skin surface region of the subject obtained from the motion capture system. The skin surface model is defined as a three-dimensional triangular mesh, obtained by deforming a template mesh so as to fit the landmark vertices to the relative marker positions obtained motion capture system. In this process, anatomical dimensions for the subject, manually measured by a caliper, are also used as the deformation constraints.
To develop the absorption enhancing formulation with local toxicity low enough for the practical use, we have investigated the effect of amino acids on the local toxicity and the absorption enhancement caused by sodium laurate (C12), used as an absorption enhancer. As a result, the absorption of phenol red (PR), an unabsorbable marker, was enhanced significantly by applying 10 mM C12 and the addition of amino acids did not change this absorption-enhancing effect of C12 in in situ colon loop study. On the other hand, although C 12 significantly increased the elution of phospholipids, proteins, and lactate dehydrogenase from colon, which are biological markers for local toxicity, amino acids significantly attenuated this mucosal injury caused by C12. In the present study, we tried to elucidate the mechanism involved in the protective effects of amino acids against mucosal injury caused by C12, and HSP70 was suggested to be involved in the cytoprotection by L-glutamine. Furthermore, the attenuation of intracellular Ca2+level and of histamine release, which are enhanced by C12, were also suggested to be mechanisms behind the cytoprotective action of amino acids.
