The anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs is used as a valuable oceanographic tracer for the study of sea water masses identification and water movement. In the present work, 137Cs activity concentrations have been investigated in deep basins of Aegean Sea. Seawater samples were collected from five different sampling stations, during scientific oceanic campaigns from the period March to April 2008. The applied methodology was based on the adsorption of radiocaesium from dissolved AMP (Ammonium Phosphomolybdate Hydrate) in 20 L water samples. Moreover, during the pre- concentration procedure, the 134Cs was used as reference tracer for determining the chemical efficiency and consequently to measure the activity concentration in a High Purity Ge detector. In terms of vertical records, the activity concentration in the selected basins ranged between 3-8.5 Bq/m3, depending on the region and the depth of the basins. The higher concentration (8.5 Bq/m3) was found in the region between Lemnos Island and the narrows of Dardanelles. The maximum concentrations were observed at the North Aegean Sea basins, between 20 and 40 m of depth, caused by the water masses coming from the Black Sea. At the Cretan Sea the vertical activity concentration of 137Cs was homogeneous down to 2000 m depth, with an exception at the 800 m where it was decreasing significantly due to the transient deep-water masses from Adriatic Sea.
PERSEUS project aims to identify the most relevant pressures exerted on the ecosystems of the Southern European Seas (SES), highlighting knowledge and data gaps that endanger the achievement of SES Good Environmental Status (GES) as mandated by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). A complementary approach has been adopted, by a meta-analysis of existing literature on pressure/impact/knowledge gaps summarized in tables related to the MSFD descriptors, discriminating open waters from coastal areas. A comparative assessment of the Initial Assessments (IAs) for five SES countries has been also independently performed. The comparison between meta-analysis results and IAs shows similarities for coastal areas only. Major knowledge gaps have been detected for the biodiversity, marine food web, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors. The meta-analysis also allowed the identification of additional research themes targeting research topics that are requested to the achievement of GES.
Abstract. During the last decades, the coastal areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, have been subjected to intense economic and industrial growth. As a result, it may be expected that the overall environmental status of Saudi Arabian coastal marine waters has been affected by human activities. As a consequence, adequate management of the Saudi Arabian coastal zone requires an assessment of how the various pressures within this zone impact the quality of seawater and sediments. To this end, environmental surveys were conducted over fifteen hotspot areas (areas subject to environmental pressures) in the Saudi Arabian coastal zone of the Red Sea and over three hotspot areas in the Saudi Arabian waters of the Arabian Gulf. The survey in the Red Sea, conducted in June/July 2021, acquired measurements from hotspot areas spanning most of the Saudi coastline, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north to Al Shuqaiq and Jizan Economic City (close to the Saudi–Yemen border) in the south. The survey in the Arabian Gulf, carried out in September 2021, included the areas of Al Khobar, Dammam, and Ras Al Khair. The main objective of both cruises was to record the physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of the Kingdom, tracing the dispersion of contaminants related to specific pressures. Taken together, these cruises constitute the first multidisciplinary and geographically comprehensive study of contaminants within the Saudi Arabian coastal waters and sediments. The measurements acquired revealed the influence of various anthropogenic pressures on the coastal marine environment of Saudi Arabia and also highlighted a strong influence of hydrographic conditions on the distribution of biochemical properties in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The data can be accessed at: SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/96463 (Abualnaja et al., 2023), whereas the details of the sampling stations at https://mcep.kaust.edu.sa/cruise-postings. The dataset includes the parameters shown in Tables 1(a,b) and 2(a).
Marine litter is ubiquitous and its negative impact on the marine environment could have cascading impacts. Sea turtles are considered as bio-indicator for monitoring marine litter impacts. However, the lack of standardised data has prevented the accurate analysis of the environmental and biological factors influencing litter ingestion and the relationships with individual health. Old data collected from 1988 harmonised with standard data collected from 2016 enabled such analyses on 1,121 necropsied loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in eight countries bordering the Mediterranean and the North-East Atlantic, owing the collaboration of more than one hundred institutions. Litter ingestion was evaluated by several response variables (occurrence, mass, abundance, quantities relative to individual mass and size, ratio ingested plastics / food), and was tested for influences of 1) spatial and temporal variability of marine litter, 2) individuals’ energy needs related to sex and size and 3) body condition assessed by visual and biometric parameters. Litter was found in 69.24% of the necropsied turtles, mostly plastics originated from single-use and fishing related sources. Significant spatial variations in litter ingestion appeared between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, among countries, and among hydro-geographic Mediterranean sub-regions. Sex and life history stage explained a minor part of the observed variability in litter ingestion, depending on the response variable, while none of the proxy of body condition and health status appeared significant. These results show that all individuals could be included to monitor marine litter impacts without sampling stratification. However, according to mechanistic models, the high proportion of plastics in the digestive content, amounting to 38.77% per individual on average, also suggests long-term negative impacts on individuals’ growth and reproductive capacities. This study encourages the collection of standard data on large spatial scales under multidisciplinary approaches for a better understanding the causes and consequences of litter ingestion on health.