Denise Toney

Department of General Services

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Co-Authors

Francine Marciano‐Cabral

Virginia Commonwealth University

Robert A. Everley

Frontier Medicines (United States)

Jean Gratz

University of Virginia

Tiffany M. Mott

United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

Timothy R. Croley

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

Eric R. Houpt

University of Virginia

Gibson Kibiki

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre

Heidi Zapata

Yale University

Aniruddha Adiga

University of Virginia

Sean Kelly

Institute of Technology Carlow

Cooperative Institutions

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

100

New York Proton Center

Communities In Schools of Orange County

Oregon Medical Research Center

Lindsay Unified School District

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

University of Pittsburgh

Engineering Associates (United States)

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

University of Virginia

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Identification of a Novel Astrovirus (Astrovirus VA1) Associated with an Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis

Journal of Virology (2009)

Stacy R. Finkbeiner Yan Li Susan Ruone Christina Conrardy Nicole Gregoricus

The etiology of a large proportion of gastrointestinal illness is unknown. In this study, random Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing approaches were used to analyze fecal specimens from a gastroenteritis outbreak of unknown etiology in a child care center. Multiple sequences with limited identity to known astroviruses were identified. Assembly of the sequences and subsequent reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends generated a complete genome of 6,586 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus, named astrovirus VA1 (AstV-VA1), is highly divergent from all previously described astroviruses. Based on RT-PCR, specimens from multiple patients in this outbreak were unequivocally positive for Ast-VA1.

Astrovirus

Sanger sequencing

Pyrosequencing

10.1128/jvi.00998-09

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Citations (217)

Mi'kmaw Women Principals' Leadership as Pathways for Cultural Revitalization

Journal of American Indian Education (2021)

Ingrid M. Robinson Denise Toney

This article examines the leadership practices of five Mi'kmaw women school principals and their ability to revitalize Mi'kmaw culture within their school communities in Mi'kmaw Kina'matnewey (MK), an Aboriginal educational authority. Data were collected through one-on-one sharing circle conversations with the participants. The use of Archibald's (2008) storywork, a decolonizing methodology, positioned the participants to work collaboratively during data collection and analysis. The findings identify that the principals' leadership approach consists of Mi'kmawcentric education, collaboration, and student-centered leadership. These decolonizing leadership practices have supported the revitalization of the Mi'kmaw language, culture, and worldview.

Instructional Leadership

10.1353/jaie.2021.a840609

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Citations (0)

Resistance of Acanthamoeba Species to Complement Lysis

Journal of Parasitology (1998)

Denise Toney Francine Marciano‐Cabral

Acanthamoeba species were evaluated for susceptibility to complement lysis as determined by release of radiolabeled uridine. The 3 Acanthamoeba species tested, A. culbertsoni (ATCC 30171), A. castellanii (ATCC 30010), and A. polyphaga (ATCC 30461), depleted hemolytic complement activity from normal human serum (NHS), yet were resistant to its lytic effects. Examination of microtiter plates containing amoebae incubated in NHS demonstrated formation of a pellet in the wells. Pellet formation was not observed when amoebae were incubated in human cord serum, heat-inactivated serum, or C1q-deficient serum. Ultrastructural examination of serum-treated amoebae revealed the presence of a finely granular substance that surrounded the amoebae. Treatment of amoebae with enzymes or metabolic inhibitors prior to incubation in NHS was performed to investigate the mechanism of complement resistance. Cycloheximide or cytochalasin D pretreatment increased the susceptibility of A. culbertsoni and A. castellanii to complement lysis. Cytochalasin D treatment also increased the susceptibility of A. polyphaga to complement lysis. Inhibition of serine protease activity by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride increased complement susceptibility of all 3 species of Acanthamoeba. Enzymatic removal of surface components from A. polyphaga or A. castellanii, with trypsin, neuraminidase, or phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC), did not affect serum resistance. In contrast, PIPLC treatment of A. culbertsoni significantly increased lysis by complement. The ability of Acanthamoeba species to activate the alternative complement pathway yet resist complement-mediated cellular lysis can be attributed to both the release of a transport-dependent extracellular matrix as well as the presence of complement inhibitory surface proteins.

Naegleria

10.2307/3284492

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Citations (54)

Evaluating Gulls as Potential Vehicles of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport (JJPX01.0061) Contamination of Tomatoes Grown on the Eastern Shore of Virginia

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2013)

Karen Gruszynski Steven Pao Chyer Kim Denise Toney Kim Wright

Salmonella enterica serovar Newport pattern JJPX01.0061 has been identified as causing several multistate outbreaks in the last 10 years, primarily due to contamination of tomatoes grown in Virginia. The goal of this study was to evaluate gulls as a potential vehicle of S. Newport pattern 61 contamination for tomatoes grown on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Gull fecal samples were collected at four sites in eastern Virginia for 3 months (May to July) in 2012, resulting in 360 samples, among which Salmonella was isolated from 62 samples. Twenty-two serotypes and 26 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA fingerprint patterns, including S. Newport pattern 61, were identified. All of the patterns that were isolated multiple times, with the exception of S. Newport patterns JJPX01.0030 and JJPX01.0061, were clustered in time and geographical location. These results strongly suggest that both patterns of S. Newport are endemic to sites on the Eastern Shore where gulls were sampled. This study provides additional information regarding the epidemiology of S. Newport pattern 61 in Virginia and how tomatoes sold interstate may become contaminated in the field.

Salmonella enterica

10.1128/aem.02809-13

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Citations (21)

Modulation of Biological Functions of Naegleria fowleri Amoebae by Growth Medium

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (1994)

Francine Marciano‐Cabral Denise Toney

Two strains of Naegleria fowleri amoebae were studied when the amoebae were maintained in the same growth medium or in two different media. A weakly pathogenic strain of N. fowleri , LEE, and a highly pathogenic strain, LEEmpCl, were compared for growth properties, the presence or absence of surface structures termed food cups, cytopathogenicity, cellular locomotion, susceptibility to complement‐mediated lysis and immunological relatedness by western immunoblot analysis when grown in Nelson medium or in Cline medium. The two different strains of N. fowleri , LEE and LEEmpCl, were more similar in protein profiles and functional activity when both strains were grown in the same nutritional medium. Differences in growth, proteins synthesized, cytopathogenicity, susceptibility to complement lysis and rate of locomotion were noted when the same strain was grown in different media. Naegleria fowleri grown in Cline medium demonstrated an increased rate of growth, an increase in its rate of locomotion, an increased resistance to complement lysis, and destroyed target nerve cells by contact‐dependent lysis. In contrast, the same strain of amoeba grown in Nelson medium showed slower growth, destroyed target cells by trogocytosis, and was less resistant to complement‐mediated lysis.

Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria

Strain (injury)

10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb05932.x

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Citations (23)

Building Relationships and Fostering a Community of Care Using a Trauma-Informed Leadership Approach

Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series (2023)

Denise Toney Ingrid M. Robinson

This chapter explores, through a self-study study approach, one principal's experiences with the implementation and enactment of trauma informed leadership in her Indigenous rural community school. Findings identify the principal's practices of trauma informed leadership and how her approach supports Indigenous cultural revitalization and cultivates relationships between and amongst herself and her school constituents (e.g., students, teachers, staff, parents, other community members). These relationships have enabled her to foster a compassionate, caring, and safe school culture. The conclusions highlight how the practices she employs have resulted in supporting students academically, socially, and emotionally affected by intergenerational trauma and building more capacity in the larger school community. A description of the successes and challenges of her use of the approach, and the approach's transferability to other organizations, is also included in the chapter.

Transferability

Indigenous culture

10.4018/979-8-3693-1380-0.ch013

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Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization of Escherichia coli and Shigella species

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Robert A. Everley Tiffany M. Mott Shane A. Wyatt Denise Toney Timothy R. Croley

Liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF MS) utilizing electrospray ionization was employed to monitor protein expression in Escherichia coli and Shigella organisms. Comparison with MALDI/TOF-MS revealed more proteins, particularly above 15 kDa. A combination of automated charge state deconvolution, spectral mirroring, and spectral subtraction was used to reveal subtle differences in the LC/MS data. Reproducible intact protein biomarker candidates were discovered based on their unique mass, retention time, and relative intensity. These marker candidates were implemented to differentiate closely related strain types, (e.g., two distinct isolates of E. coli O157:H7) and to correctly identify unknown pathogens. This LC/MS approach is less labor-intensive than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, affords greater specificity than real-time PCR, and requires no primers or antibodies. Additionally, this approach would be beneficial during outbreaks of foodborne disease or bioterrorism investigations by complementing methods typically used in diagnostic microbiology laboratories.

Orbitrap

Biomarker Discovery

10.1016/j.jasms.2008.07.003

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Citations (49)

A comparative analysis exposes an amplification delay distinctive to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants of clinical and public health relevance

Figshare (2022)

Katherine L. Brown Alessandro Ceci Claude Roby R C Briggs D. Ziolo

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may negatively impact a diagnostic test, have no effect, or turn into an opportunity for rapid molecular screening of variants. Using an in-house Emergency Use Authorized RT-qPCR-based COVID-19 diagnostic assay, we combined sequence surveillance of viral variants and computed PCR efficiencies for mismatched templates. We found no significant mismatches for the N, E, and S set of assay primers until the Omicron variant emerged in late November 2021. We found a single mismatch between the Omicron sequence and one of our assay’s primers caused a > 4 cycle delay during amplification without impacting overall assay performance. Starting in December 2021, clinical specimens received for COVID-19 diagnostic testing that generated a Cq delay greater than 4 cycles were sequenced and confirmed as Omicron. Clinical samples without a Cq delay were largely confirmed as the Delta variant. The primer-template mismatch was then used as a rapid surrogate marker for Omicron. Primers that correctly identified Omicron were designed and tested, which prepared us for the emergence of future variants with novel mismatches to our diagnostic assay's primers. Our experience demonstrates the importance of monitoring sequences, the need for predicting the impact of mismatches, their value as a surrogate marker, and the relevance of adapting one's molecular diagnostic test for evolving pathogens.

Relevance

Clinical Significance

10.6084/m9.figshare.21778970

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Dependence of Growth, Metabolic Expression, and Pathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri on Exogenous Porphyrins

Journal of Parasitology (1996)

S. G. Bradley Denise Toney Y Zhang Francine Marciano‐Cabral

The pathogenicity of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri is modulated by the composition of the medium used for cultivation. The constituents that determine the level of pathogenicity of N. fowleri, however, have not been definitively established. The present study examined the effects of selected porphyrins on N. fowleri amoebae. The iron-containing porphyrins, hemin or hematin, or the iron-free porphyrin, protoporphyrin IX, were effective in supporting growth of N. fowleri in Cline medium lacking serum. Iron-binding proteins, including hemoglobin, could not satisfy the growth requirement of the amoebae for exogenous porphyrin. Expression of biological functions including azocaseinase activity, agglutination, mobility, complement susceptibility, and virulence were altered by the composition of the growth medium. Amoebae grown in Cline medium supplemented with either hemin or protoporphyrin IX displayed greater mobility and were more resistant to lysis by complement than those grown in Nelson medium. Similarly, amoebae grown in Cline medium supplemented with either hemin or protoporphyrin IX were more pathogenic for B6C3F1 mice than those grown in Nelson medium. The addition of protoporphyrin IX to Nelson medium resulted in a modest increase in mobility, resistance to complement lysis and virulence when compared to N. fowleri amoebae grown in Nelson medium without added porphyrin.

Hemin

Naegleria fowleri

Protoporphyrin IX

Naegleria

Agglutination (biology)

Infectivity

10.2307/3283889

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Citations (15)

Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. and its evaluation on colonies, culture broths, and stool

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease (2012)

Mami Taniuchi Carol C. Walters Jean Gratz Athanasia Maro Happiness Kumburu