Luca Schiavon

University of Padua

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Chiara Papetti

University of Padua

Lorenzo Zane

University of Padua

Elisa Boscari

CoNISMa

Magnus Lucassen

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Emilio Riginella

Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn

Mario La Mesa

National Research Council

Leonardo Congiu

University of Padua

Ilaria A. M. Marino

University of Padua

Alessandra Battistotti

University of Padua

Santiago Ceballos

National University of Tierra del Fuego

Cooperative Institutions

University of Padua

CoNISMa

National Research Council

Institute of Marine Science

University of Ferrara

University of Palermo

Aziende Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Rhodense

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Institute of Structure of Matter

University of Verona

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Characterization of Captive Breeders to Preserve the Residual Genetic Diversity of Adriatic Sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)

Diversity (2022)

Federica Barca Stefano Dalle Palle Luca Schiavon Chiara Samassa Giuseppe Castaldelli

Since 1996, the Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) has been inscribed on the IUCN Red List as “Critically Endangered and possibly extinct in the wild”. Nowadays, its survival totally depends on restocking programs conducted by releasing juveniles generated from adult breeders reared in aquaculture. Conducting accurate genetic characterizations of all individuals potentially involved in reproduction activities is therefore of primary importance to avoid inbreeding and to maximize the genetic diversity transmitted to following generations. Since all animals reared in captivity descend from a single stock of wild origin, this offers the ideal condition for carrying out relatedness analysis based on parentage allocations. In this study, we provided the most complete characterization of about 500 individuals representing the most diverse extant stock of Adriatic sturgeon. Through the analyses of mitochondrial d-loop and 15 microsatellite loci selected from 24 genotyped loci, we identified about 30 different familiar groups, updating data on breeding stocks, increasing the genetic information already available, and extending the analyses to animals never genotyped before. Given its completeness, it will represent a reference database for any future parental allocation of recaptured animals for the inclusion of all other stocks present, as well as for the development of a long-term breeding plan. The approach used has also been proven useful on individuals of unknown genealogy, allowing for the identification of family groups and thus being proven to be promising for the analysis of stocks of other tetraploid sturgeon species.

Captivity

Captive breeding

Overexploitation

10.3390/d14100829

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Citations (3)

Genetic variability of the striped venus Chamelea gallina in the northern Adriatic Sea

Fisheries Research (2018)

Chiara Papetti Luca Schiavon Massimo Milan Magnus Lucassen Jilda Alicia Caccavo

Effective population size

Population bottleneck

10.1016/j.fishres.2018.01.006

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Citations (11)

Comparative analysis of otolith morphology in icefishes (Channichthyidae) applying different statistical classification methods

Fisheries Research (2020)

Mario La Mesa Stefano Guicciardi Fortunata Donato Emilio Riginella Luca Schiavon

10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105668

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Citations (13)

MIPs: multi-locus intron polymorphisms in species identification and population genomics

Scientific Reports (2024)

Elisa Boscari Stefano Dalle Palle Nicola Vitulo Annalisa Scapolatiello Luca Schiavon

The study of species groups in which the presence of interspecific hybridization or introgression phenomena is known or suspected involves analysing shared bi-parentally inherited molecular markers. Current methods are based on different categories of markers among which the classical microsatellites or the more recent genome wide approaches for the analyses of thousands of SNPs or hundreds of microhaplotypes through high throughput sequencing. Our approach utilizes intron-targeted amplicon sequencing to characterise multi-locus intron polymorphisms (MIPs) and assess genetic diversity. These highly variable intron regions, combined with inter-specific transferable loci, serve as powerful multiple-SNP markers potentially suitable for various applications, from species and hybrid identification to population comparisons, without prior species knowledge. We developed the first panel of MIPs highly transferable across fish genomes, effectively distinguishing between species, even those closely related, and populations with different structures. MIPs offer versatile, hypervariable nuclear markers and promise to be especially useful when multiple nuclear loci must be genotyped across different species, such as for the monitoring of interspecific hybridization. Moreover, the relatively long sequences obtained ease the development of single-locus PCR-based diagnostic markers. This method, here demonstrated in teleost fishes, can be readily applied to other taxa, unlocking a new source of genetic variation.

Introgression

Amplicon

10.1038/s41598-024-68065-8

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Species distribution, hybridization and connectivity in the genusChionodraco: Unveiling unknown icefish diversity in antarctica

Diversity and Distributions (2021)

Luca Schiavon Valérie Dulière Mario La Mesa Ilaria A. M. Marino Giuditta Codogno

Abstract Aim The species of the genus Chionodraco (Notothenioidei) are the most abundant icefish on the continental shelf of the Weddell Sea. While previous studies indicated that only Chionodraco hamatus and Chionodraco myersi inhabit the Weddell Sea, the third Chionodraco species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus , was recently sampled in the area. As C. rastrospinosus is supposed to be found only at the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc, this study aimed at confirming the species classification of C. rastrospinosus by molecular methods and identifying its putative source population. Given the documented evidence of introgression among the three species, we tested whether the newly found C. rastrospinosus shared any genetic variability with the other Chionodraco species. To explain the pattern of distribution of the Chionodraco species, we aimed at estimating the hydrodynamic connectivity between the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea. Location Antarctic Peninsula, southern Scotia Arc and the south‐eastern Weddell Sea. Methods We genotyped 19 microsatellites and sequenced the mitochondrial D‐loop for 560 Chionodraco individuals. We simulated the dispersal of more than 3 million drifters (Lagrangian model). Results The molecular analyses support the presence of C. rastrospinosus in the Weddell Sea and its homogeneity with C. rastrospinosus from the Antarctic Peninsula. Bayesian clustering identifies three putative hybrids among C. rastrospinosus and the other congenerics. Lagrangian simulations do not support connectivity driven by the oceanographic features of the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea via passive larval dispersal only. Main conclusions This study documents, for the first time, the presence of C. rastrospinosus in the Weddell Sea unveiling more biodiversity than previously known in this region. The sympatry of the three Chionodraco species explains the occurrence of occasional, ongoing events of hybridization in the genus. Alternative possible hypotheses need to be tested in future studies about the mechanisms maintaining the interspecific connectivity in Chionodraco spp.

Peninsula

10.1111/ddi.13249

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Citations (12)

Species identification and population genetics of the Antarctic fish genera Lepidonotothen and Nototheniops (Perciformes, Notothenioidei)

Zoologica Scripta (2023)

Luca Schiavon Enrico Negrisolo Alessandra Battistotti Magnus Lucassen Malte Damerau

Abstract Accurate species identification is essential to assess biodiversity and species richness in ecosystems threatened by rapid and recent environmental changes, such as warming in most Antarctic waters. The Lepidonotothen species complex comprises demersal notothenioid fishes which inhabit the shelf areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Scotia Arc and sub‐Antarctic islands with a circum‐Antarctic distribution. Species determination in this group has often been problematic. In particular, whether Lepidonotothen squamifrons and Lepidonotothen kempi are valid as separate species has been questioned. In this study, we analysed the genetic variation among four nominal southern polar species within this complex ( L. kempi , L. squamifrons , Nototheniops larseni , Nototheniops nudifrons ) by means of three different markers ( ND2 and tRNA mitochondrial genes and a panel of 16 nuclear microsatellites). We tested whether individuals morphologically assigned to L. kempi showed genetic separation from L. squamifrons . Our analyses indicated a lack of differentiation between L. kempi and L. squamifrons . However, a genetically distinct population was found for L. squamifrons at the Shag Rocks islands near South Georgia. Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic islands are known to be home to many cryptic species and further studies will elucidate if the genetically differentiated population we found potentially originated from this context and can be considered an incipient species. Our analysis contributes to further characterize the species composition of the most abundant fish suborder in the Southern Ocean, which is among the regions most threatened by climate change.

Species complex

Perciformes

Demersal zone

Endemism

10.1111/zsc.12580

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Citations (1)

Relationship Between Metal Transcription Factor-1 and Zinc in Resistance to Metals Producing Free Radicals

Current Chemical Biology (2008)

Alessia Formigari Paolo Alberton Vera Cantale Viviana D. Nadal Moira Feltrin

Trace elements as Cu (copper), Fe (iron), and Zn (zinc) can be toxic when their distribution is not carefully regulated, and also their inappropriate binding may compromise cellular function and homeostatic mechanisms. Metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), a multiple Zn finger protein, activates metal response element-driven (reporter) gene expression, in a similar way as it happens in metallothionein-1 and -2 (MT-1 and MT-2), zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), a rate-determining enzyme of glutathione synthesis. Virtually, MTF-1 directly coordinates the regulation of genes involved in Zn homeostasis and the protection against metal toxicity. This transcription factor is able to sense changes in metal concentrations and coordinate the expression of genes involved in acquisition, distribution, sequestration, and use of metals. This review is focused on the role of MTF-1 in regulating trace metal metabolism and gene expression of some proteins such as, for example, MT-1, MT-2 and ZnT-1. The aim of the study has been to investigate the role of MTF-1 on the Cu, Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation, and the gene expression of some proteins involved in homeostasis of trace metals in MTF-1 mutant cells as compared to their wild-type cells also were considered. Keywords: Trace elements, metal transcription factor-1, metallothionein, glutathione, zinc transporter, divalent metal transporter 1

Metallothionein

Homeostasis

Metal Toxicity

Zinc toxicity

10.2174/2212796810802030256

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Citations (3)

Evaluation of the immune response to COVID-19 vaccine mRNA BNT162b2 and correlation with previous COVID-19 infection

Journal of Clinical Virology (2021)

Marco Bongiovanni Giammaria Liuzzi Luca Schiavon Luigi Gianturco G Giuliani

spike protein

Antibody titer

Antibody response

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104962

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Citations (11)

Genome-wide analysis reveals striking lack of genetic differentiation over long distances for the Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni: High genetic connectivity or shared spawning grounds?

Fisheries Research (2021)

Santiago Ceballos Chiara Papetti Massimiliano Babbucci Daniel A. Fernández Luca Schiavon

Panmixia

Shetland

Overfishing

10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106074

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Citations (8)

Limited interspecific gene flow in the evolutionary history of the icefish genus Chionodraco

ICES Journal of Marine Science (2024)

Luca Schiavon Santiago Ceballos Michael Matschiner Emiliano Trucchi Mario La Mesa

Abstract Hybridization and introgression are recognized as mechanisms promoting genetic variability during evolutionary radiations. We examined the impact of introgression in the process of speciation, focusing on the Antarctic icefish genus Chionodraco. Our analyses confirmed that the three Chionodraco species (Chionodraco hamatus, Chionodraco myersi, and Chionodraco rastrospinosus) were genetically distinctive, despite signals of past interspecific gene flow between C. hamatus and C. myersi that likely occurred during interglacial periods. However, in this study, no recent hybrids were identified. The lack of contemporary hybridization may be due to life-history traits and the type of marker used in the analysis. Our study emphasizes the importance of genomic approaches to detect subtle patterns of past hybridization accurately and highlights the significance of historical climate events in the demographic and evolutionary history of Antarctic notothenioids. Polar regions, and especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are now experiencing the fastest climate changes due to global warming. Understanding the impact of past climate events is fundamental to trace current modifications in species’ genetic variability and distributions and predict future evolutionary trajectories. This knowledge is also vital for conservation efforts, including the implementation of marine protected areas.

Introgression

Genetic algorithm

10.1093/icesjms/fsae019

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