In this study, a natural polysaccharide (DP) was isolated from dandelion roots and the carboxymethylated dandelion polysaccharide (CMDP) with substitution degree of 0.42 ± 0.07 was prepared. CMDP and DP were composed of the same six monosaccharides in different molar ratios, and the molecular weights were 69800 and 108200 Da, respectively. Effects of two polysaccharides on emulsifying characteristics of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) were determined. The results showed that CMDP could increase the stability better than DP at the same dose, and reduce the particle size and Zeta potential of emulsions. FT-IR, CD and FS spectra analyses confirmed that the addition of CMDP made the secondary structure of WPI more looser and increased the β-sheet content. CMDP effectively improved the antioxidant capacity of emulsions and inhibited the oxidation of emulsions during storage. CMDP had great potential to be applied in food and emulsion delivery system.
Table S1. Nomenclature and chromosomal location of bZIP family genes in wheat, T.urartu, Ae.tauschii, barley and Brachypodium. Table S2. Orthologs and in-paralogs in bZIP family between each pair of wheat and its relatives. Table S3. Numbers of differentially expressed bZIP genes in five comparison groups. Table S4. Lists of differentially expressed bZIP genes in five comparison groups. Table S5. In-paralog pairs within 23 TabZIP proteins we studied. Table S6. Distribution of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of TabZIP genes. Table S7. Functions of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of TabZIP genes. Table S8. Wheat lines, growth conditions, and sampling timepoints for microarray data analysis. The sample features were represented by the wheat line name and a letter (A, B, E or F) followed by a number referring to the anther length when samples were taken. The letters ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘E’ and ‘F’ indicated the growth conditions of wheat lines. ‘A’: 10 °C with a 12 h-light/12 h-dark photoperiod; ‘B’: 10 °C with a 14 h-light/10 h-dark photoperiod; ‘E’: 20 °C with a 12 h-light/12 h-dark photoperiod; ‘F’: 20 °C with a 14 h-light/10 h-dark photoperiod. (ZIP 146 kb)
Summary The influence of dandelion root polysaccharide (DRP) on the retrogradation characteristics of corn starch (CS) in the process of storage was studied. Compared with native corn starch gel, the blue value (BV), hardness and syneresis were significantly decreased with the increasing of DRP concentration. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that DRP addition inhibited the recrystallisation of CS during retrogradation. In addition, the dynamic rheological behaviours confirmed that DRP could enhance the shear stability and reduce the elastic properties of corn starch gel. These data showed DRP had potential application value in delaying starch retrogradation and improving food texture.
Based on the method of characteristics, in this study an analytical solution for one-dimensional shallow-water equations is developed to simulate the instantaneous dam-break flows propagating down a triangular wet-bed channel. The internal relationships between the hydraulic properties associated with dam-break flow are investigated through comparisons with well-known analytical solutions for rectangular channels. Meanwhile, laboratory experiments are conducted in a prismatic, horizontal, and smooth flume with a triangular cross section. Nonintrusive digital image processing is applied to obtain water surface profiles and stage hydrographs. Results show that the dam-break flow propagation depends on the dimensionless parameter hd*, defined as the ratio of initial tailwater depth over the reservoir head. hd* has a significant effect on the dam-break wave in the downstream flooded area. For hd*≤0.4, the water surface profiles in the reservoir for different hd* at a given time remain similar. For hd*≥0.5, extra negative waves occur in the reservoir, leading to water surface undulations. Undular bores are generated at the dam site and propagate downstream. The time evolution of dam-break flows under three different reservoir heads is similar for the same hd*. The inception of water surface profile change is earlier when the reservoir head is larger. The analytical model shows satisfactory agreement with the experimental results, though some errors exist between the analytical solution and measurements due to the formation of extra negative waves, a jet, and undular bores. The similarities and discrepancies between the hydraulics in the triangular and rectangular channels are identified analytically in terms of the profiles of water depth, velocity, discharge, bore height, and wave-front celerity with hd*. The presented solution could be applied to predict the effect of wet-bed conditions on the dam-break wave in triangular channels, while laboratory measurement data could be used for validating analytical and numerical models.
Through analyzing on the hydrogeology characteristics,the pouring water mechanism and situation at face 22080,find the reasons of pouring water,and adopt the effective prevention measures to ensure safe actual mining at combined mining face and gained beneficial experiences for similarly hydrological conditions.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(144 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(216 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(288 450 300)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)