Directly probing deep tissue activities from body surfaces offers a noninvasive approach to monitoring essential physiological processes1-3. However, this method is technically challenged by rapid signal attenuation toward the body surface and confounding motion artifacts4-6 primarily due to excessive contact impedance and mechanical mismatch with conventional electrodes. Herein, by formulating and directly spray coating biocompatible two-dimensional nanosheet ink onto the human body under ambient conditions, we create microscopically conformal and adaptive van der Waals thin films (VDWTFs) that seamlessly merge with non-Euclidean, hairy, and dynamically evolving body surfaces. Unlike traditional deposition methods, which often struggle with conformality and adaptability while retaining high electronic performance, this gentle process enables the formation of high-performance VDWTFs directly on the body surface under bio-friendly conditions, making it ideal for biological applications. This results in low-impedance electrically functionalized body surfaces (EFBS), enabling highly robust monitoring of biopotential and bioimpedance modulations associated with deep-tissue activities, such as blood circulation, muscle movements, and brain activities. Compared to commercial solutions, our VDWTF-EFBS exhibits nearly two-orders of magnitude lower contact impedance and substantially reduces the extrinsic motion artifacts, enabling reliable extraction of bioelectrical signals from irregular surfaces, such as unshaved human scalps. This advancement defines a technology for continuous, noninvasive monitoring of deep-tissue activities during routine body movements.
A novel compensation scheme for timing synchronization error in GPP-SDR LTE system is proposed in this article. The properties of timing synchronization error are analyzed, and it is exploited to design a compensation scheme suitable to GPP-SDR baseband processing capacity. Furthermore, the applicability of the scheme is assessed in theory analysis and tested by simulations and experiments. It is revealed from the results that the BER of baseband processing with timing synchronization error compensation is about 10 -4 while that without compensation is about 0.1.
Abstract Paraquat (PQ), a globally widely used and highly residual herbicide, is one of the potential environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Before exerting neurotoxicity, however, PQ needs to break through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), how it penetrates the BBB and reaches the brain parenchyma remains a mystery. Recently, peripheral T cells and cytokine infiltrates into the brain have been involved in the development of NDs. But, the main reason for the infiltrating is not yet unrevealed. BBB plays a crucial role in the communication of T cells between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral. Hence, whether T cells and their cytokines serve as core assistants to assist PQ infiltrating the BBB exerting neurotoxicity, in this article, C57BL/6J mice treated with PQ experienced down emotion and learning and memory abilities decreased. Pathologically, neurons and microglia respectively exhibit selective spatial damage and hyperresponsiveness. Simultaneously there were capture the traces of CD3 and its subsets of CD4/8, as well as IL-17A. Surprisingly, the response of T cells from peripheral blood and spleen to PQ gradually leans towards Th17 cells and secretes IL-17A. Therefore, it is highly suspected that IL-17A plays a role in disrupting the BBB. In vitro, bEnd.3 cells were specifically constructed with IL-17A, and PQ or mixture revealed IL-17A takes part in PQ-induced BBB disruption. Altogether, PQ responds to peripheral T cells to react and secrete IL-17A, which destroys BBB and assists PQ and T cells or other factors in infiltrating brain parenchyma.
The current cardiac pacemakers are battery dependent, and the pacing leads are prone to introduce valve damage and infection, plus a complete pacemaker retrieval is needed for battery replacement. Despite the reported wireless bioelectronics to pace the epicardium, open-chest surgery (thoracotomy) is required to implant the device, and the procedure is invasive, requiring prolonged wound healing and health care burden. We hereby demonstrate a fully biocompatible wireless microelectronics with a self-assembled design that can be rolled into a lightweight microtubular pacemaker for intravascular implantation and pacing. The radio frequency was used to transfer energy to the microtubular pacemaker for electrical stimulation. We show that this pacemaker provides effective pacing to restore cardiac contraction from a nonbeating heart and have the capacity to perform overdrive pacing to augment blood circulation in an anesthetized pig model. Thus, this microtubular pacemaker paves the way for the minimally invasive implantation of leadless and battery-free microelectronics.
Mg-AZ31 based composites with 20%(volume fraction) and 40% Ti particles were fabricated by friction stir processing(FSP).The results show that after four FSP passes the matrix structure of composite layers can be significantly refined within 3-5 μm obviously,and the fragments of the Ti particles are about 200 nm.The Ti fragments in the composite layer with 20% Ti particles have inhomogenous distribution and demonstrate poor tensile properties and low elongation.However,the Ti fragments in the composite layer with 40% Ti particles have homogenous distribution and the tensile properties of composite layer are greatly improved,and the elongation of composite layer has no obvious change compared with that of matrix.Using the rule of mixture to predict the microhardness values of composite layers,the results approximately match the experimental ones.
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