Objective
To explore the surgical procedures of reduction and lifting mammaplasty with the short vertical scar and breast lateral fibrous septum vascular pedicle to improve the clinical effect and reduce the complications.
Methods
Sixty-four patients underwent reduction and lifting mammaplasty: a incision around the areola and under the breast, using the breast lateral fibrous septum vascular pedicle and medial superior dermal pedicle to ensure the blood supply of the nipple. The skin and glands of the lower part of the breast were resected with suspension; upper part was lifting, with skin shaping and sutured.
Results
There were no postoperative complications such as hematoma, infection, skin and nipple areolar necrosis. The breasts were tall, plump and symmetry with little scar.
Conclusions
The breast reduction and lifting mammaplasty with breast lateral fibrous septum vascular pedicle and verical incision is effective in the treatment of macromastia and ptosis breast; breast form is satisfied and the complication is less; the operation is simple, safe, effective and worth promoting.
Key words:
Macromastia; Ptosis breast; Narrowing up; Short vertical scar; Breast lateral fibrous septum vascular pedicle
Objective
To evaluate the design formulas of the optimal location for splitting pectoralis major in terms of making type Ⅰ or Ⅱ dual-plane implant pocket.
Methods
Sixty-five patients with micromastia were collected. Breasts were divided into two types according to the soft-tissue pinch thickness of the lower pole: type Ⅰ (thickness>2 cm; 34 cases) and type Ⅱ (thickness ≤2 cm; 31 cases). The optimal levels at which the pectoralis major (PM) was severed were 3/4 or 2/4 of the distance of new inframammary fold for type Ⅰ or Ⅱ dual-plane pockets, respectively. All patients completed the pre- and post-operative BREAST-Q augmentation modules before and 6 months after surgery. The scores were changed into hundred-mark system by QScore software.
Results
The recovery processes were well-off. The breasts contour was good. Patients reported higher scores of satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being after surgery than before surgery (62.0±8.9 vs 27.9±4.3, 65.0±17.2 vs 17.4±8.3, 60.5±14.2 vs 30.3±5.5, P<0.05). The mean satisfaction score for the overall outcome was 90.6±5.4. However, there was no significant difference in physical well-being between before operation and aftre operation (85.3±9.5 vs 84.7±10.6). No complications such as severe capsular contracture, or displacement occurred.
Conclusions
The design formulas make the determining procedure of the optimal location for pectoralis major splitting for two types dual-plane implant pockets easier and more exactly. Our modified design method can provide the implant with the optimal soft tissue coverage, and bring desired and stable breast aesthetic outcomes. The higher satisfaction and quality of life reported by patients indicate that the formulas are feasible and worth to recommend.
Key words:
Endoscopy; Breast augmentation; Dual-plane; BREAST-Q questionnaire; Transaxillary incision
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and a degenerative bone microarchitecture. Apigenin (API), a flavonoid derived mainly from celery, has been reported to be beneficial for the treatment of OP; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, the effects of API on bone-forming cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts, remain unclear. In the present study, we first determined that API treatment could promote bone formation, improve bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, and effectively ameliorate bone loss, as supported by micro-CT scanning and histological staining of mouse femurs. In vitro investigations have confirmed that API has a bidirectional regulatory effect on bone metabolism, promoteing osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. The further study displayed that the promotion of osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from OVX mice mainly through regulating SIRT1 and its downstream HIF1α signaling. In summary, API treatment may be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OP.
KALMUS is a Python package for the computational analysis of colors in films.It provides quantitative tools to study and compare the use of film color.This package serves two purposes: (1) various ways to measure, calculate and compare a film's colors and (2) various ways to visualize a film's color.We have named the software KALMUS in homage to Natalie Kalmus (1882Kalmus ( -1965)), a Technicolor Director who oversaw the color palettes of nearly 300 Hollywood feature films.
Existing deep-learning methods achieve state-of-art segmentation of multiple heart substructures from 2D echocardiography videos, an important step in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. However, these methods generally perform frame-level segmentation, ignoring the temporal coherence in heart motion between frames, which is a useful signal in clinical protocols. In this work, we implement temporally consistent video segmentation, which has recently been shown to improve performance on the multi-structure annotated CAMUS dataset. We show that data augmentation further improves results, which are consistent with prior state-of-art works. Our 10-fold cross-validation shows that video segmentation improves the automatic comparison to clinical indices including smaller mean absolute errors for left ventricular end-diastolic volume (8.7 mL vs 9.9 mL), end-systolic volume (6.3 mL vs 6.6 mL), and ejection fraction (EF) (4.6% vs 5.3%). In segmenting key cardiac structures, video segmentation achieves mean Dice overlap of 0.93 on left ventricular endocardium, 0.95 on left ventricular epicardium, and 0.88 on left atrium. To assess clinical generalizability, we further apply the CAMUS-trained video segmentation models, without tuning, to a larger, recently published EchoNet-Dynamic clinical dataset. On 1274 patients in the test set, we obtain absolute errors of 6:3% ± 5:4 in EF, confirming the reliability of this scheme. In that the EchoNet-Dynamic videos contain limited annotation only for left ventricle endocardium, this effort extends at little cost generalizable, multi-structure video segmentation to a large clinical dataset.
Abstract Use of machine learning for automated annotation of heart structures from echocardiographic videos is an active research area, but understanding of comparative, generalizable performance among models is lacking. This study aimed to 1) assess the generalizability of five state-of-the-art machine learning-based echocardiography segmentation models within a large clinical dataset, and 2) test the hypothesis that a quality control (QC) method based on segmentation uncertainty can further improve segmentation results. Five models were applied to 47,431 echocardiography studies that were independent from any training samples. Chamber volume and mass from model segmentations were compared to clinically-reported values. The median absolute errors (MAE) in left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction exhibited by all five models were comparable to reported inter-observer errors (IOE). MAE for left atrial volume and LV mass were similarly favorable to respective IOE for models trained for those tasks. A single model consistently exhibited the lowest MAE in all five clinically-reported measures. We leveraged the 10-fold cross-validation training scheme of this best-performing model to quantify segmentation uncertainty for potential application as QC. We observed that filtering segmentations with high uncertainty improved segmentation results, leading to decreased volume/mass estimation errors. The addition of contour-convexity filters further improved QC efficiency. In conclusion, five previously published echocardiography segmentation models generalized to a large, independent clinical dataset—segmenting one or multiple cardiac structures with overall accuracy comparable to manual analyses—with variable performance. Convexity-reinforced uncertainty QC efficiently improved segmentation performance and may further facilitate the translation of such models.
To investigate the regulation of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) RUNX1-IT1 on microrna (mir-195)/CyclinD1 (CyclinD1) in malignant pleomorphic adenoma (MPA).The MPA tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were collected and the expression levels of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1, miR-195 and CyclinD1 mRNA were detected, the correlation and clinical pathology of MPA was analyzed and compared. MPA cell line SM-AP1 was cultured and transfected with negative control(NC) siRNA, LncRNA RUNX1-IT1siRNA, miR-NC and miR-195 inhibitor. Cell proliferation level A490 and expression levels of miR-195 and CyclinD1 were detected. LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 targeting miR-195 and miR-195 targeting CyclinD1 were analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis.The expression level of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 and CyclinD1 in MPA were higher than those in para tumor tissues, and the expression level of miR-195 was lower than that in para tumor tissues(P＜0.05). LncRNA RUNX1-IT1was negatively correlated with miR-195, positively correlated with CyclinD1, and miR-195 was negatively correlated with CyclinD1. The expression of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 and CyclinD1 in MPA tissue with tumor diameter≥3 cm, recurrence and distant metastasis increased(P＜0.05), while the expression of miR-195 decreased(P＜0.05). After knockdown of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1, A490 level and CyclinD1 expression level decreased, while miR-195 expression level increased(P＜0.05). miR-195 decreased the fluorescence activity of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 and CyclinD1 reporter genes(P＜0.05). After miR-195 was inhibited, the effect of LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 knockdown on decreasing A490 level and CyclinD1 expression level weakened(P＜0.05).LncRNA RUNx1-IT1 may participate in the development of MPA by regulating the expression of miR-195/CyclinD1.
Objective
To introduce our clinical method of filler injection with the posterior space of temporalis myofascia for temporal hollows, and to discuss the practical practicability, safety and aesthetic outcomes.
Methods
From Jan. 2014 to Jan. 2016, female patients with temporal hollows who had underwent the filler injecting into the posterior space of temporalis myofascia were involved in our study. The patients with previous history of surgery or trauma on temporal region were excluded. Hyaluronic acid or autologous fat was selected as filler material based on patients＇ preference. Then, aesthetic outcomes were followed up. 120 cases were selected in this study. Among them, 52 cases preferred hyaluronic acid, and the average follow-up time was 7.5 months. 68 cases acceped autologous fat grafting with average follow-up for 9.5 months.
Results
All patients got aesthetic and safe outcome. No serious complications were noted, such as infection, embolism, uneven appearance and so on. The satisfactory rate was high in both patients and surgeons.
Conclusions
The posterior temporalis myofascia space that is relatively closed, stable, lack of vessels has proved to be the safe plane for temporal injection. Not only our injection method could meet the need for injection procedure safety, but also it could ensure the aesthetic outcomes. In clinical practice, the aesthetic surgeons should be well familiar with the temporal anatomy.
Key words:
Temporalis myofacsia posterior space; Temporal hollow; Filler injection; Hyaluronic acid; Autologous fat
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