Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been reported to have good anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. The focus of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism of PNS in the treatment of RA. The primary active components of PNS were tested utilizing the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and Analysis Platform based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. The target databases for knee osteoarthritis were created using GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The visual interactive network structure ‘active component – action target – illness’ was created using Cytoscape software. A protein interaction network was built, and associated protein interactions were analyzed using the STRING database. The key targets were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analyses. The effects of PNS on cell growth were studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with various doses of PNS, and the optimum concentration of PNS was identified. PNS was studied for its implication on angiogenesis and migration. The active components of PNS had 114 common targets, including cell metabolism and apoptosis, according to the network analysis. The therapeutic effects of the PNS components were suggested to be mediated through apoptotic and cytokine signaling pathways. In vitro, PNS therapy boosted HUVEC proliferation. Wound healing, Boyden chamber and tube formation tests suggested that PNS may increase HUVEC activity and capillary-like tube branching. This study clarified that for the treatment of RA, PNS has multisystem, multicomponent, and multitargeted properties.
A sensitive, rapid and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of domperidone in human plasma. Diphenhydramine was used as the internal standard. Plasma sample pretreatment involved a one-step liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of diethyl ether-dichloromethane (3:2, v/v). The analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC(TM) BEH C(18) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.5% (v/v) formic acid (60:40, v/v). The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionizationsource with positive mode. Each plasma sample was chromatographed within 2.1 min. The standard curves for domperidone were linear (r(2) ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.030-31.5 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.030 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) values were not higher than 13% and accuracy (relative error) was from -7.6 to 1.2% at three quality control levels. The method herein described was superior to previous methods and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of domperidone in healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration.
Objective To investigate the bioactivity of osteocytes in tiny morselized bone grafts for bone defect repair. Methods Models of radial defect were established on 60 female svngeneic inbred DA rats which were divided into 3 groups randomly:structural bone grafting group(n=56),tiny morselized bone grafting group(n=56)and control group(without bone grafting, n=4).The ilia of 28 male inbred DA rats were harvested as donors and made into structural bone grafts 2mm in diameter and tiny morselized bone grafts 300～500 μm in diameter to be transplanted into the radial defects of the female receptors.Samples were harvested on 1 d,4 d, 1 w,2 w,4 w,6 w and 10 w after transplantation.The presence and relative amounts of genes specific to the sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome(Sty)originating from the bone grafts were measured by in situ hybridization(ISH).The expressions of bone morphogenetic proteins-2(BMP-2),transforming growth factor-betal (TGF-β1),alkaline phosphatase (ALP)and Collagen I were semiquantmed by immunohistochemistry. Results In structural bone grafting group,the expression of Sry decreased early and disappeared at 1 w.But after 4 w,Sry appeared again and its expression increased with lapse of time.In tiny morselized bone grafting group,Sry was detected all the time.At each time point.its expression was more than in Group I(P＜0.05).Donor bone cells were different during repair in both groups.Tiny morselized bone grafts were absorbed quickly,and the expressions of BMP-2 and TGF-β1 reached the peak faster than in structural bone grafting group.The positive cells of BMP-2,TGF-β1,ALP and Collagen I in tiny morselized bone grafting group were much more than in structural bone grafting group during the first 2 w(P＜0.05).Conclusions Both bone grafts can provide donor cells to repair bone defects.Compared with bulk bone grafts,tiny morselized bone grafts contain more living bioactive osteocytes which can secrete bone growth factors and bone matrix proteins,so they may accelerate healing of bone defects.
Key words:
Osteocytes; Grafting; Osteocyte
In view of the serious reactive power loss in the rural network,improved ant colony optimization algorithm(ACOA)was used to optimize the reactive power compensation for the rural distribution system.In this study,the traditional ACOA was improved in two aspects:one was the local search strategy,and the other was pheromone mutation and re-initialization strategies.The reactive power optimization for a county's distribution network showed that the improved ACOA was practicable.
Background: Although pulmonary involvement of Sjogren9s syndrome (SS) has been reported, its clinical characteristics have not been clear in detail. The goal of this study was to clarify the characteristics of pulmonary manifestation in patients with SS. Methods: We reviewed patient with SS admitted to our hospital from 2007 to 2011, and retrospective analysis was performed. Results: We had 37 patients with SS including 26 primary (pSS) and 11 secondary Sjogren9s syndrome (sSS). Only 11 patients had mucous membrane drying symptoms. Anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibody in serum were positive in 32 and 13 patients, respectively. 33 patients had consistent findings of fluorescent dye examination and/or lip biopsy with SS. Interstitial pneumonia (IP) was the main pulmonary manifestation. In fact, 10.2% of IP patients with unknown etiology on admission were diagnosed as having SS by a careful clinical evaluation. Histopathological evaluation revealed a variety of histological findings such as non-specific IP, and cellular bronchiolitis. Grand glass attenuation was the major HRCT pattern with lower and peripheral predominant distributions, and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increase number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Five-year survival rate was about 80%, and prognosis in patients with pSS seemed to be better than that in sSS patients. Conclusions: IP is the major pulmonary manifestation of SS, and prognosis is not so poor. For more understanding of this disease, a careful clinical evaluation including lip biopsy is necessary for IP patients even without sicca symptoms because of under-diagnosis of IP patients with SS.
In the myoblasts differentiation process of C2C12 cells, it is imperative to research the expression and synthesis of the myogenic regulatory factors in extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) exposure. In the present study, using a cell cultivation method of C2C12 cells, the subcultured cells were divided into control and ELF-PEMF treated: A (0[Formula: see text]mT), B (0.5[Formula: see text]mT), C (1.0[Formula: see text]mT) and D (1.5[Formula: see text]mT) groups for five consecutive days training. Furthermore, cells were analyzed using immunochemical staining to detect the cell phenotypic changes, and RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test the expression levels of the myogenic regulatory factor D (MyoD) and the myogenic regulatory factor 5 (Myf5) genes and proteins synthesis in the process of myblasts differentiation. The results indicated that compared with the control group, different intensities of extremely low-frequency pulse electromagnetic fields could induce myoblast nuclear fusion, amplify MyoD and Mfy5 expression, and particularly the 1.5[Formula: see text]mT group at the 5th day exhibited the highest expression of these genes. Our study can pave a way for the development of a non-invasive and effective clinical prevention and treatment strategy in serious disorders like skeletal muscle atrophy.
Purpose: To explore the effects of autogenous bone particle/titanium fiber composites on repairing segmental bone defects in rabbits. Materials and methods: A model of bilateral radial bone defect was established in 36 New Zealand white rabbits which were randomly divided into 3 groups according to filling materials used for bilaterally defect treatment: in group C, 9 animal bone defect areas were prepared into simple bilateral radius bone defect (empty sham) as the control group; 27 rabbits were used in groups ABP and ABP-Ti. In group ABP, left defects were simply implanted with autogenous bone particles; meanwhile, group ABP-Ti animals had right defects implanted with autogenous bone particle/titanium fiber composites. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, after operation. Results: Micro-CT showed that group C could not complete bone regeneration. Bone volume to tissue volume values in group ABP-Ti were better than group ABP. From histology and histomorphometry Groups ABP and ABP-Ti achieved bone repair, the bone formation of group ABP-Ti was better. The mechanical strength of group ABP-Ti was superior to that of other groups. Conclusions: These results confirmed the effectiveness of autologous bone particle/titanium fiber composites for promoting bone regeneration and mechanical strength.
In this paper,a practical approach on available transfer capability(ATC) calculation for the AC/DC systems by considering transient stability constraint is proposed due to the complexity and necessity of transient stability.Power system Analysis Software Package(PSASP) is used as a built-in calculation platform,calculation procedure is writen in VC++ and the ATC is calculated by repeatitive power flow method.By taking Shandong Power System as example,it is verified that the proposed method could be used to calculate and analyze ATC of practical AC/DC hybrid power systems and is easy to be programmed.Calculation and simulation results show that static and transient stability constraints can be involved in ATC calculation for AC/DC transmission systems by using of proposed practical method,which can coordinate economy and security of power system,and the method had good functionality.The proposed algorithm has strong applicability and easy programming,and can effectively apply to ATC calculation and analysis of power grid.
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