It is reported in this paper that addition of DMSO in an ionic liquid improves the dissolution of cellulose in the ionic liquid.The effect of the mass fraction of DMSO on the solubility of cellulose was investigated.The results showed that dissolution degree of cellulose in the ionic liquid is increased with the addition of DMSO at 50℃.A possible role of the DMSO in the dissolution of cellulose was studied by means of conductivity test.The cellulose films regenerated from different solvents were analyzed by FT-IR,XRD,TGA and mechanics performance testing.The results indicated that the solvents are still non-derivatizing solvents for cellulose,and they make the crystal form of regenerated cellulose transform from typeⅠ to type Ⅱ.Furthermore,the increase in content of DMSO damages crystalline regions,lowers the crystallinity,tensile strength,thermal stability and degree of polymerization of the regenerated cellulose.The photograph and SEM image showed that the regenerated cellulose film was homogeneous and dense.
Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that share common features of microbial-induced ecological dysregulation and host immune inflammatory response. The close relationship between periodontitis and IBD is characterized by a higher prevalence of IBD in patients with periodontitis and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with IBD, indicating that periodontitis and IBD are different from the traditional independent diseases and form an “Oral-Gut” axis between the two, which affect each other and thus form a vicious circle. However, the specific mechanisms leading to the association between the two are not fully understood. In this article, we describe the interconnection between periodontitis and IBD in terms of microbial pathogenesis and immune dysregulation, including the ectopic colonization of the gut by pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis that promotes inflammation in the gut by activating the host immune response, and the alteration of the oral microbiota due to IBD that affects the periodontal inflammatory response. Among the microbial factors, pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella , Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum may act as the microbial bridge between periodontitis and IBD, while among the immune mechanisms, Th17 cell responses and the secreted pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of both diseases. This suggests that in future studies, we can look for targets in the “Oral-Gut” axis to control and intervene in periodontal inflammation by regulating periodontal or intestinal flora through immunological methods.
The IR spectra of clusters containing O3MoS3 Unit, (Et4N) [Mo(O, S-C6H4-1,2)3](1), (Et4N)2[Mo2(CO)3(O,S-C6H4-1,2)3](2), (Et4N)2[Mo3(CO)7(O,S-C6H4-1,2)3](3) and (Et4N)2[Mo2(CO)4(O,S-C6H4-1,2)3FeCl2](4) have been investigated. The characteristic frequencies, nu (Mo(n+)-OtR) (n = 4,5), nu (Mo(n+)-ObR) (n = 0,4), nu (Mo(n+)-StR) (n = 4,5), nu (Mo(n+)-SbR)(n = 0,1,4), nu (C = O), nu (Mo(n+)-C)(n = 0,1), delta (Mo(n+)-C-O)(n = 0,1), nu (Fe(2+)-ObR) and nu (Fe(2+)-Cl) were assigned by comparing the vibrational frequencies and structure parameters of them with that of Mo-Fe-S clusters. The influences of sigma donor abilities of ligands L(-OR, -SR) on nu (Mo-C) and nu (C = O) and the effect of Mo(n+)-->Mo4+ (n = 0,1) charge transfer on nu (Mo(4+)-ObR), nu (Mo(n+)-C) and nu (C = O) have been discussed. A partial oxidation of cluster 4 to [Mo2(CO)3(O,S-C6H4-1,2)3]- (5) have been inferred according to the information from the changes of IR spectra of cluster 4 in air with time and the existence of cluster 5 was also verified by NFAB-MS of cluster 4.
Inflammatory damage from bacterial biofilms usually causes the failure of tooth implantation. A promising solution for this challenge is to use an implant surface with a long-term, in-depth and efficient antibacterial feature. In this study, we developed an ultrasound-enhanced antibacterial implant surface based on Au nanoparticle modified TiO2 nanotubes (AuNPs-TNTs). As an artificial tooth surface, films based on AuNPs-TNTs showed excellent biocompatibility. Importantly, compared to bare titania surface, a larger amount of reactive oxygen radicals was generated on AuNPs-TNTs under an ultrasound treatment. For a proof-of-concept application, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was used as the model bacteria; the as-proposed AuNPs-TNTs exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity under a simple ultrasound treatment. This antibacterial film offers a new way to design the surface of an artificial implant coating for resolving the bacterial infection induced failure of dental implants.
Minocycline has been widely used in central nervous system disease. However, the effect of minocycline on the repairing of nerve fibers around dental implants had not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using minocycline for the repairing of nerve fibers around dental implants by investigating the effect of minocycline on the proliferation of Schwann cells and secretion of neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro. TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated on the surface of pure titanium via anodization at the voltage of 20, 30, 40 and 50 V. The nanotubes structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and examined with an optical contact angle. Then drug loading capability and release behavior were detected in vitro. The TiO2 nanotubes loaded with different concentration of minocycline were used to produce conditioned media with which to treat the Schwann cells. A cell counting kit-8 assay and cell viability were both selected to study the proliferative effect of the specimens on Schwann cell. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to detect the related gene/protein expression of Schwann cells. The results showed that the diameter of TiO2 nanotubes at different voltage varied from 100 to 200 nm. The results of optical contact angle and releasing profile showed the nanotubes fabricated at the voltage of 30 V met the needs of the carrier of minocycline. In addition, the TiO2 nanotubes loaded with the concentration of 20 μg/mL minocycline increased Schwann cells proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors in vitro. The results suggested that the surface functionalization of TiO2 nanotubes with minocycline was a promising candidate biomaterial for the peripheral nerve regeneration around dental implants and has potential to be applied in improving the osseoperception of dental implant.
Background Intestinal inflammation and periodontitis influence the development of each other through the bidirectional relationship. As the intestinal microbiome metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) could contribute to chronic inflammation in the gut by influencing the gut microbial composition and intestinal immunity. Increased circulating TMAO levels often accompany clinical findings in patients with experimental periodontitis. However, the role of TMAO in the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis remains unclear. Thus, we explored whether TMAO influences the periodontitis process by affecting intestinal immunity and microbial composition in this article. Methods Periodontitis was induced by unilateral ligation of the first molar in mice, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was used as an inhibitor to reduce TMAO circulating. Twenty-five BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five study sets (n = 5/group): no periodontitis with DMB (Control group), periodontitis (P) group, periodontitis with TMAO (P+TMAO) group, periodontitis with TMAO and DMB (P+TMAO+DMB) group, and periodontitis with DMB (P+DMB) group. The effect of TMAO was determined by assessing changes in intestinal histology, intestinal flora composition, periodontal tissue, and periodontal pro-inflammatory factors at ten days. Results The outcomes indicated a marked improvement in the intestinal inflammation severity, and intestinal flora diversity was reduced. Firmicutes number and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were improved in the P+TMAO group. In addition, the alveolar bone resorption and the degree of periodontal tissue inflammation were more severe in the P+TMAO group than in other groups. Immunohistochemistry showed higher levels of TGF-β and IL-1β expression in the periodontal tissues of P+TMAO. Conclusions Our data suggest that TMAO could influence periodontal immunity and promote periodontal inflammation by affecting the intestinal microenvironment, revealing TMAO may affect the development of periodontitis through the bidirectional relationship of the oral-gut axis.
Objective: To prepare and analyse Lactoferrin/Nanosized hydroxyapatite/Collagen I (CMs-loaded LF/nHA/Co-I) composite materials. Methods: Tripolyphosphate (TPP) was used as cross-linker to make CMs-loaded LF. nHA was prepared through chemical precipitation. Collagen I (Co- I) was extracted from fresh bovine tendon through acid dissolution and protease digestion. CMs, nHA and collagen could be crosslinked by Genipin to be tissue engineering materials. The composite materials would be tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy, average bone density X-ray and analysis by computer software. Results: Genipin could effectively crosslink CNs, nHA and collagen together to form engineering material to repair bone defect.
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are unique multinucleated cells which show the ability to destroy the bone tissue through dissolution of hydroxyapatite and degradation of organic matrix components. Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) contains a large number of nutritional and macromolecular factors, it’s widely used as a cell culture supplement. Previous studies have found that FBS is essential for cell growth and it is also a potent inducer of osteoclast formation. However, relatively little is known regarding the mechanism of this effect. The aim of this study was to further explore the potential role of FBS on osteoclast formation and its mechanism. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in medium with different FBS concentrations (10 %, 5 %, 1 %). The experiments were designed and performed including Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Immunostaining, Transwell migration assay, Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that FBS promoted osteoclastogenesis in suitable concentrations by regulating migration of osteoclast precursors and expressions of TRAP and Cathepsin K.
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