A new strategy of a triaxial architecture based on piezoelectric fibers, silver coated nylon and braiding technology as a wearable energy harvesting generator.
Three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs)/Co(OH)2 core-shell nanostructures as binder-free supercapacitor electrode have been synthesized via electrodeposition and chemical vapour deposition. The ultrathin Co(OH)2 nanosheets are uniformly coated on the surface of N-CNTs. Such unique well-designed binder-free electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance (0.46 F cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2) and good cycling stability (81.2% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles). In the electrode, the cable-like N-CNTs around Ni foam with close contact act as current collector, facilitating the electrical transport, while two-dimensional Co(OH)2 nanosheets grown on external surface increase the surface area and provide good contact with ions at electrode/electrolyte interface, exhibiting low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and better charge storage performance. As a result, such combined synthetic strategy may provide design guidelines for constructing advanced binder-free supercapacitors electrode.
Polycrystalline silicon-based (poly-Si) passivating contacts are a promising technology for the next generation of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. Ex-situ doping via spin-on-dopant solutions is a potential method to fabricate patterned poly-Si contacts, like those used in interdigitated back contact architectures. This study compares the performance of phosphorous doped poly-Si passivating contacts fabricated from different industry-compatible intrinsic silicon films and a spin-on-dopant process. We explore the influence of the grain size on the electrical quality of the poly-Si films and find a correlation between larger grain size and lower contact recombination and resistivity. The best results are achieved with low-pressure chemical vapor deposited poly-Si films, reaching an implied open circuit voltage iVoc of 730 mV, followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposited films with an iVoc of 700 mV. Both films also produced low contact resistivities of <50 mΩ-cm2. For the case of physical vapor deposition (sputtered) poly-Si films, which are found to have the smallest crystalline features, a low iVoc of 625 mV was measured, attributed to a low active dopant concentration within the poly-Si film. This study informs researchers looking to use spin-on-dopants in terms of the poly-Si layer deposition method and the optimal temperature profiles for the process.
Liver accumulation of nanoparticles is a major challenge in nanoparticle-mediated delivery as it can reduce the delivery of the nanoparticles to their intended site and lead to liver damage and toxicity. Recent studies have shown that particle engineering, e.g., nanoparticle composition, can influence liver uptake and allow homing of nanoparticles to specific organs or tissues. Herein, we investigated the role of nanoparticle cross-linking on liver uptake. We developed a series of antibody nanoparticles (AbNPs) using various poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecule (e.g., different arm numbers and arm lengths) cross-linkers. Specifically, AbNPs based on Herceptin were engineered with PEG cross-linker architectures ranging from 2-arm (at molecular weights of 600 Da, 2.5 kDa, and 5 kDa) to 4-arm and 8-arm via a mesoporous silica templating method. The molecular architecture of PEG modulated not only the targeting ability of the AbNPs in model cell lines but also their interaction with phagocytes in human blood. Increasing the PEG arm length from 600 Da to 5 kDa also reduced the uptake of the nanoparticles in the liver by 85%. Tumor accumulation of Herceptin AbNPs cross-linked with a 5 kDa 2-arm-PEG was 50% higher compared with control AbNPs and displayed similar liver uptake as free Herceptin. This study highlights the role of PEG cross-linking in receptor targeting and liver uptake, which influence tumor targeting, and combined with the versatility and multifunctionality of the antibody nanoparticle platform could lead to the development of organ-selective targeted antibody nanoparticle assemblies.
Abstract Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are promising energy storage systems because of the abundance and low cost of potassium. The formidable challenge is to develop suitable electrode materials and electrolytes for accommodating the relatively large size and high activity of potassium. Herein, Bi‐based materials are reported as novel anodes for PIBs. Nanostructural design and proper selection of the electrolyte salt have been used to achieve excellent cycling performance. It is found that the potassiation of Bi undergoes a solid‐solution reaction, followed by two typical two‐phase reactions, corresponding to Bi ↔ Bi(K) and Bi(K) ↔ K 5 Bi 4 ↔ K 3 Bi, respectively. By choosing potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) to replace potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF 6 ) in carbonate electrolyte, a more stable solid electrolyte interphase layer is achieved and results in notably enhanced electrochemical performance. More importantly, the KFSI salt is very versatile and can significantly promote the electrochemical performance of other alloy‐based anode materials, such as Sn and Sb.
In this work, flowerlike Sb 2 S 3 microspheres have been synthesized with a simple solvothermal reaction and an effective preparation process using polypyrrole (PPy). When tested as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the flowerlike Sb 2 S 3 /PPy exhibits improved reversibility and cycling performance for SIBs. At a current density of 100 mA g –1 , a capacity of 427 mA h g –1 is maintained after 50 cycles. Even at a high current density of 800 mA g –1 , a reversible capacity of 236 mA h g –1 is obtained.
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