The electrode spacing in radio frequency (RF) plasma reactors, particularly in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) systems, significantly influences plasma characteristics and performance. This study investigates the impact of inter-electrode distance on plasma parameters and processing outcomes. The electrode separation directly affects electron density, electron temperature, and plasma uniformity. Optimal electrode spacing is critical for maintaining a stable and uniform plasma across the processing area. Changes in the electrode gap alter plasma impedance, which in turn affects power coupling efficiency and overall plasma behavior. Understanding and optimizing inter-electrode distance in RF-driven ICP reactors is essential for controlling plasma properties and achieving desired outcomes in plasma processing applications such as etching, deposition, and surface modification.

10.1007/s10751-024-02225-0

Cite

Citations (0)

New Integrated Dual-Band Dipole Antenna with EBG Structures Designed for Wireless Communications

International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications (2022)

Sara Said Abdenacer Es-Salhi Kaabal abdelmoumen Samir Elouaham

This paper presents a new technique that resides on the use of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures under a half-wave dipole antenna suitable for wireless communication systems. The implementation of the EBG electromagnetic band gap structures and superstrate creates a new frequency descent of half-wave dipole antenna of 73 ohms, simultaneously we are capable to operating at 2.6 and 3.5 GHz bands with only one antenna and also enhances its performance (gain, directivity), and improve the antenna efficiency. This is manifested by a very low dipole antenna return loss, besides improving the efficiency of the radiation pattern, by using the EBG structure in the proposed configuration. This technique also allows to the low profile antenna (26% reduction) contribution for cell phones. The dipole antenna initially operates at a frequency range of 3.5 GHz, but with the introduction of the EBG electromagnetic band gap structures, it resonates in two frequency of sub-6 GHz 5G bands 3.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz, which is well suited for 5G mobile applications. The design parameters of the antenna were optimized.

Directivity

Antenna gain

10.18178/ijeetc.11.3.184-191

Cite

Citations (2)

Neoantigen-targeted CD8+ T cell responses with PD-1 blockade therapy

Nature (2023)

Cristina Puig-Saus Barbara Sennino Songming Peng Clifford L. Wang Zheng Pan

10.1038/s41586-023-05787-1

Cite

Citations (95)

Reactivity of 6-Methylchromone-3-carbonitrile Towards Some Nitrogen Nucleophilic Reagents

Heterocycles (2018)

Magdy A. Ibrahim Nasser M. El‐Gohary Sara Said

The chemical reactivity of 6-methylchromone-3-carbonitrile (1) was studied towards a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles.A variety of products was obtained from the reaction of carbonitrile 1 with hydrazine hydrate, S-benzyl dithiocarbazate, isonicotinic acid hydrazide and cyanoacetohydrazide.A diversity of Schiff bases bearing 2-amino-6-methylchromone linked variable heterocyclic systems was efficiently synthesized.Reaction of carbonitrile 1 with guanidine and cyanoguanidine resulted in ring conversion producing chromeno [4,3d]pyrimidines.Reaction of carbonitrile 1 was also studied towards some 1,4binucleophiles.

Reactivity

Hydrazine (antidepressant)

Guanidine

10.3987/com-18-13874

Cite

Citations (8)

Dexamethasone with Local Anesthetics Versus Local Anesthetics Alone in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries

QJM (2020)

Ahmed Nagah El-Shaer Sara Said D S M Alawady A M Reyad

Abstract Background Poorly controlled acute pain after surgery is associated with a variety of unwanted postoperative consequences, including patient suffering, distress, myocardial ischemia, prolonged hospital stays and an increased likelihood of chronic pain. Systemic analgesics (opioids and non-opioids) have long been used for postoperative pain, then neuroaxial or peripheral nerve blocks were employed. Local anesthetics alone were used, then various adjuvants were added to achieve quick, dense and prolonged block. Objective The aim of this study was to study the effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The comparison included the onset and the duration of the sensory and motor blocks, the duration of analgesia of the block as well as their effects on the postoperative analgesic requirements. The effect of the drugs on hemodynamics and monitoring the occurrence of any complication were also done. Patients and Methods In our study, 60 patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Control group received bupivacaine only (0.5%) and dexa group in which 8 mg of dexamethasone were added to bupivacaine. All patients received equal volumes of 20 milliliters. Results Our study showed that addition of 8 milligrams of dexamethasone to bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular nerve block shortened the onset times of motor blocks and significantly prolonged motor and sensory block durations. In addition, dexamethasone prolonged the duration of analgesia of the plexus block significantly, as proved by the time of request of analgesia. Moreover, in dexa group, postoperative analgesic requirements were greatly lesser than that of bupivacaine groups. Addition of dexamethasone also did not affect the hemodynamics to a significant level. This makes dexamethasone with bupivacaine more superior than the use of bupivacaine alone. Conclusion Addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine in supraclavicular nerve block shortened the onset motor blocks. Addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine significantly prolongs of both sensory and motor block durations.

Brachial plexus block

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa039.020

Cite

Citations (2)

A Comparison of the Denoising Performance Using Capon Time-Frequency and Empirical Wavelet Transform Applied on Biomedical Signal

International Journal on Engineering Applications (IREA) (2023)

Karim El Khadiri Samir Elouaham Boujemaa Nassiri Ouafae El Melhoaui Sara Said

The empirical wavelet transforms and Capon time-frequency applications are used in this work. EMG and EEG are non-invasive ways to measure muscle activity and the electrical activity of the brain. The visual analyses of EMG and EEG are significantly impacted by these noises. The EWT's effectiveness in eliminating the sounds has been assessed by using several common metrics between the clean original signal and the filter's signal output. According to the results, the EWT has performed better than other denoising algorithms in terms of locating the different parts of the aberrant biomedical signal data. The EMG signal is non-stationary. Hence, employing time-frequency methods is unavoidable. Capon is the preferred parametric time-frequency technique. The Capon technique outperforms other non-parametric time-frequency algorithms mentioned in the scientific literature in terms of resolution and removing any interference terms. This study explains why the use of EWT and Capon approaches together is beneficial for biomedicine.

Capon

SIGNAL (programming language)

10.15866/irea.v11i5.23395

Cite

Citations (8)

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Heteroanellated Chromones by Basic Rearrangement of 6‐Methylchromone‐3‐carbonitrile.

ChemInform (2015)

Magdy A. Ibrahim Nasser M. El‐Gohary Salah S. Ibrahim Sara Said

10.1002/chin.201526212

Cite

Citations (0)

Novel Dual-Band Dipole Antenna Integrated with EBG Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures Dedicated to Mobile Communications

Sara Said Abdenacer Es-Salhi

In this paper, a half-wave dipole antenna based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures is proposed for wireless communication systems (3.5 GHz, 2.6 GHz). The use of the EBG structure allows, on the one hand, to create a new frequency down of the 73 ohm half wave dipole antenna and on the other hand, to improve its performance (gain, directivity) and as well reduces its size around 26%. Initially the dipole antenna resonates around 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), and after the insertion of the electromagnetic bandgap structures EBG, the antenna operates in two frequency bands 3.5GHz and 2.6GHz, which is well adaptable to mobile communication applications. The antenna design parameters was optimized by the CST MW Studio software.

Directivity

Multi-band device

WiMAX

10.1109/wits.2019.8723660

Cite

Citations (3)

Design and Development of a Self-Powered Wireless Wearable Activity Tracker

Ayman El-Badawy Sara Said Andrew Kirolos Kareem Arida Eihab Abdel‐Rahman

Human motion has gained a significant interest as a source of energy harvesting for wearable electronics. This paper proposes a low power management circuit for an electromagnetic energy harvester that utilizes human motion to power a wearable activity tracker. The power management circuit is based on Villard cascade circuit, a low power high efficiency DC/DC converter. It supplies power to a wireless transceiver serving as the activity tracking metric. Simulations and experimental validation of the proposed power management circuit are presented. The circuit successfully achieved an output voltage of 3.3V from the human motion, powering up a low-power wireless transceiver and hence constitutes a self-powered human activity tracker.

Transceiver

Wearable Technology

10.1109/mepcon.2018.8635259

Cite

Citations (0)