Deb Kumar Rath

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

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Rajesh Kumar

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

Love Bansal

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

Bhumika Sahu

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

Suchita Kandpal

Cornell University

Tanushree Ghosh

M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

Chanchal Rani

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Nikita Ahlawat

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

Subin Kaladi Chondath

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

T. Spooner

IBM (United States)

I. Sameera

Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology

Cooperative Institutions

IBM (United States)

109

IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center

GlobalFoundries (United States)

Advanced Micro Devices (Canada)

Samsung (United States)

Indian Institute of Technology Indore

University at Albany, State University of New York

Albany Technical College

Albany Molecular Research (United States)

STMicroelectronics (United States)

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Bifunctional solid state electrochromic device using WO₃/WS₂ nanoflakes for charge storage and dual-band color modulation

Journal of Materials Chemistry C (2023)

Suchita Kandpal Love Bansal Anjali Ghanghass Tanushree Ghosh Chanchal Rani

An electrochromic supercapacitor device, designed using WO 3 /WS 2 nanoflakes, successfully demonstrated excellent capacitive performance along with the ability of electrochromic color modulation when P3HT and viologen are used as electrochromic active components.

Electrochromic devices

Modulation (music)

Viologen

Prussian blue

10.1039/d3tc01880f

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Citations (11)

Metal Wet Recess Challenges and Solutions for beyond 7nm Fully Aligned Via Integration

B. Peethala Devika Sil Benjamin D. Briggs Deb Kumar Rath Nicholas A. Lanzillo

The Fully aligned via scheme (FAV) is known to mitigate the via misalignment issues that drive a lower Vmax and limits the contact area between the via and the underlying line. Even though the overall benefits of FAV are well known, the key detractors and their contributions are not well understood. One of the key challenges in FAV integration is the need to create of topography which can be either achieved by recessing the metal lines or by selective insulator deposition. Wet recess process has been promising for enabling downstream integration learning of conformal cap deposition, ultra low-k gap-fill, and via landing on recessed area. In this paper wet recess challenges for topography creation and key process improvements that improve the resistance distribution are discussed.

Deposition

10.1109/iitc51362.2021.9537484

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Integrating Electrochemically Grown Nano‐Oxide and Polymer Films for Electrochromic Device: Achieving Near‐Infrared Shielding and Four‐Digit Efficiency

Advanced Engineering Materials (2024)

Tanushree Ghosh Suchita Kandpal Love Bansal Bhumika Sahu Deb Kumar Rath

Electrochemically deposited thin films yield high uniformity, a property which is quite vital to in the context of electrochromic (EC) coatings and devices. Tungsten oxide and polyaniline are two such materials that show superior EC properties individually. However, when combined into a solid‐state device structure, they yield a device where the efficiency increases multifolds. This device combination, being thoroughly characterized in the domain of EC parameters such as high switching speeds, rich color contrast, and stability, is found to be an excellent complementary EC pair. The unique property of the said device is that it can reduce the transmission of wavelengths in the near‐infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, providing an edge over other such combinations. In addition, a four‐digit value of coloration efficiency makes this device stand out in the family of its contemporaries. Overall, the hybrid nature of the device prompts it to be an excellent combination indicating its high performance in terms of increased endurance and heat isolation capacity.

Electrochromic devices

Nanomaterials

Shielding effect

10.1002/adem.202400013

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Resistance contributions to copper interconnects

C. Witt F.H. Baumann E. Huang Deb Kumar Rath

Experimental decomposition of contributions of electron scattering events in deeply scaled interconnects has been complicated by the fact that grain size and line dimensions are generally not varied independently. In this paper, we describe a combination of experiments to examine scattering mechanism independently. The cross section of was changed by recessing individual copper interconnects from the top using wet chemical etching, which was combined with repeated cryogenic resistance measurements. A fit for the grain boundary reflectivity was then obtained. In addition, it was found that the average grain size increase from the bottom to the top of the interconnect. This was confirmed by TEM based grain size measurements. Further, in order to assess surface scattering, magnetoresistance was employed for the first time for interconnects. It is observed to be sensitive to the geometry of the line. The method also allows for independent assessment of sidewall vs. bottom/top surface scattering. Results indicate that sidewall scattering is more severe than top/bottom surface scattering.

10.1109/iitc-amc.2017.7968975

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Mixed Chalcogenides Nanoflakes’ Infrared Cutting Effect: Utilization in Thermal Soothing Electrochromic Goggles

ACS Applied Optical Materials (2024)

Bhumika Sahu Love Bansal Nikita Ahlawat Anjali Ghanghass Deb Kumar Rath

Electrochromic devices

10.1021/acsaom.4c00325

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Coalescence-Driven Local Crowding Promotes Liquid-to-Solid-Like Phase Transition in a Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Droplet Assembly

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2024)

Chinmaya Kumar Patel Abhradip Mallik Deb Kumar Rath Rajesh Kumar Tushar Kanti Mukherjee

Abstract Liquid-to-solid-like phase transition (LSPT) of disordered proteins via metastable liquid-like droplets is a well-documented phenomenon in biology and linked to many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. However, very less is known about the early microscopic events and transient intermediates involved in the irreversible protein aggregation of functional globular proteins. Herein, using a range of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, we show that the LSPT of a functional globular protein, human serum albumin (HSA) is exclusively driven by spontaneous coalescence of liquid-like droplets involving various transient intermediates in a temporal manner. We show that inter-droplet communication via coalescence is essential for both nucleation and growth of amorphous aggregates within individual droplets, which subsequently transform to amyloid-like fibrils. Immobilized droplets neither show any nucleation nor any growth upon aging. Moreover, we found that exchange of materials with the dilute dispersed phase has negligible influence on the LSPT of HSA. Notably, binding of small ligands modulates the feasibility and kinetics of LSPT of HSA, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism that cells utilize to control the dynamics of LSPT. Further, using a dynamic heterogeneous droplet assembly of two functional proteins, HSA and transferrin (Tf), we show an intriguing phenomenon within the fused droplets where both liquid-like and solid-like phases co-exist within the same droplet, which eventually transform to a mixed fibrillar assembly. These microscopic insights not only highlight the importance of inter-droplet interactions behind the LSPT of biomolecules but also showcase its adverse effect on the structure and function of other functional proteins in a crowded and heterogeneous protein assembly.

Coalescence (physics)

Liquid liquid

10.1101/2024.10.08.617323

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Stoichiometrically Optimized Electrochromic Complex [V₂O_2+ξ(OH)_3‐ξ] Based Electrode: Prototype Supercapacitor with Multicolor Indicator

Small (2024)

Love Bansal Bhumika Sahu Deb Kumar Rath Nikita Ahlawat Tanushree Ghosh

Abstract The systematic structure modification of metal oxides is becoming more attractive, and effective strategies for structural tunning are highly desirable for improving their practical color‐modulating energy storage performances. Here, the ability of a stoichiometrically tuned oxide‐hydroxide complex of porous vanadium oxide, namely [V 2 O 2+ξ (OH) 3‐ξ ] ξ = 0:3 for multifunctional electrochromic supercapacitor application is demonstrated. Theoretically, the pre‐optimized oxide complex is synthesized using a simple wet chemical etching technique in its optimized stoichiometry [V 2 O 2+ξ (OH) 3‐ξ ] with ξ = 0, providing more electroactive surface sites. The multifunctional electrode shows a high charge storage property of 610 Fg −1 at 1A g −1 , as well as good electrochromic properties with high color contrast of 70% and 50% at 428 and 640 nm wavelengths, faster switching, and high coloration efficiency. When assembled in a solid‐state symmetric electrochromic supercapacitor device, it exhibits an ultrahigh power density of 1066 mWcm −2 , high energy density of 246 mWhcm −2 , and high specific capacitance of 290 mFcm −2 at 0.2 mAcm −2 . A prepared prototype device displays red when fully charged, green when half charged, and blue when fully discharged. A clear evidence of optimizing the multifunctional performance of electrochromic supercapacitor by stoichiometrical tuning is presented along with demonstrating a device prototype of a 25 cm 2 large device for real‐life applications.

Vanadium Oxide

Stoichiometry

Electrochromic devices

10.1002/smll.202312215

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Citations (8)

Determination of Ethanol Content in Gasoline Fuel Using Raman Spectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy Practica (2025)

Beena Jain R. Aggarwal Deb Kumar Rath Rajesh Kumar V. B. Tiwari

The ability to detect the ethanol rapidly and sensitively in ethanol–gasoline blends has become important in recent times, both for engine performance and for fuel economy. In order to achieve this, a deterministic methodology based on Raman spectroscopy is employed for quantitative estimation of ethanol in commercial ethanol–gasoline blends of fuel. The different concentrations of anhydrous ethanol were mixed with pure gasoline to calibrate the Raman spectroscopy measurement setup. The variation in the ratio of the heights of Raman peaks at wavenumbers ∼885 and 1005 cm –1 is found to be linear with the fractional volumes of ethanol and gasoline in the blends. Using this methodology, the volume percentage of ethanol in commercial gasoline is determined to be ∼10%. This methodology can also be adopted for detection of other additives/adulterants in commercial gasoline.

Ethanol content

10.1177/27551857251316505

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Nano-Nest Type Porous NiCo₂S₄@polyindole Core–Shell Array: Efficient Energy Storage Supercapacitor Device

ACS Materials Letters (2024)

Love Bansal Nikita Ahlawat Bhumika Sahu Deb Kumar Rath Subin Kaladi Chondath

10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c00866

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Quasi-Fano Resonance-Induced Asymmetric E_2g¹ Raman Mode in WS₂ Nanoflakes

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2023)

Chanchal Rani Deb Kumar Rath Anjali Ghanghass Tanushree Ghosh Suchita Kandpal

In addition to their technological importance, nanomaterials also act as a physical bed for investigation for revealing new scientific insight about quantum mechanics-driven phenomena. Here, WS2 nanosheets have been chosen to investigate an interesting Fano-type excitation wavelength-dependent Raman line shape from a 2D system. The study reveals the presence of electron–phonon interaction (Fano interaction), the mixing of a discrete spectrum with a continuous spectrum, in the E2g 1 Raman mode of WS2 nanoflakes. A typical Fano-type asymmetric Raman line shape has been observed while using a red excitation wavelength, and the same has been validated by theoretical Fano-Raman line shape fitting. To further validate this, excitation wavelength-dependent variation in the Raman line shape has been studied, which confirms that the asymmetry is due to Fano interaction. The experimentally observed Raman line shape shows very good agreement with the theoretically generated line shapes using the Fano-Raman line shape function. An excitation wavelength-dependent Fano coupling parameter has been calculated, and an empirical relation has also been proposed.

Fano plane

Fano resonance

Line (geometry)

10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06609

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Citations (3)