Delivery systems with low immunogenicity and toxicity are believed to enhance the efficacy of specific targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. Exosomes are potential natural nanosystems that can enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents for targeted cancer therapy.This study provides a precise effect size of exosomes as nanovesicles for in vitro delivery of anticancer agents.In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the efficacy of exosomes as nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic molecules was investigated using the random-effects model. We did comprehensive literature searches through CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct of in vitro studies that reported exosomes as delivery systems for cancer therapy.After the screening of eligible articles, a total of 50 studies were enrolled for the metaanalysis. The results showed that cancer cells treated with exosome-loaded anticancer agents for at least 6 h significantly decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity with the standardized mean difference (SMD) of -1.47 (-2.18, -0.76; (p<0.0001) and -1.66 (-2.71, -0.61; p<0.002). Exosomes effectively delivered drugs and exogenous miRNAs, siRNAs, viruses, and enzymes to cancer cells in vitro.This meta-analysis provides evidence of exosomes as efficient nanocarriers for the delivery of anticancer drugs.
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. While herbal medicines are sources of novel remedies for cancer patients, their efficacies remain unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for breast cancer treatment using the Bayesian network meta-analytic approach. Methods: We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct until January 2022 for articles that reported the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for the treatment of breast cancer in preclinical models. The mean difference (MD) of cytotoxicity data was analyzed using a random effects model with a 95% credible interval (CrI). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to assess the ranking probabilities of the outcome measure. Results: A total of 13 articles were enrolled for qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The quality of the included studies ranges from low to moderate. Treatment of breast cancer cells for at least 48 hours caused cytotoxicity with no evidence of inconsistency. SUCRA indicated that fraction (MD: -10.5%, 95% CrI: -63.8, 43.3) performed better in killing cancer cells, followed by crude extract and then isolate with MD of -4.42% (95% CrI: -41.2, 33.4) and -2.67% (95% CrI: -64.3, 59.2), respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence of the therapeutic benefits of Nigerian herbal medicines for the treatment of breast cancer. Future studies may examine these medicinal plants for breast cancer in animal and clinical trials with improved methodological quality.
Background/Aim: The medicinal plants and their derivatives have long been recognized as important sources of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This study investigated phytochemicals, antioxidant content and in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging activities of methanolic and aqueous leaves extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Ipomoea asarifolia, Bauhinia rufescens, Guiera. senegalensis and Moringa oleifera.
Materials and Methods: The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis to identify the bioactive constituents in each plant. Total phenolics and proanthocyanidin contents were determined using FolinCiocalteu and vanillin-methanol assays while antioxidant free scavenging activity was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins in all the five plants investigated. The total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents of methanolic extracts were significantly higher (p
Experiments were conducted in green-house for 2 years to study the effects of organic manure amendments on the incidence of Pythium damping-off of melon. Pasturized soil in plastic pots was infected with cultures of Pythium aphanidermatum and mixed with rice husks and cow dungs respectively . The organic amendments added to the soil were allowed to decompose for 0,5,10, and 20days before planting melon seeds, while the control experiment was Pythium – infected soil without amendments. Pythium damping-off was less severe in the seedlings raised under rice husk and cow dung amendments. Increase in days of decomposition before planting also influenced significantly the effect of rice husk and cow compost on the incidence and severity of the the disease. The number of developed leaves of melon seedlings was highest in soil with seeds sown 20 days after amendment with compost. Melon seedlings in the control without amendment collapsed 7 days after germination. KEY WORDS: Pythium aphanidermatum, Soil amendment, Melon, Damping off Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.2(2) 2003: 102-105
Antibacterial activity of three plant used medically in Sokoto township viz:- Bantrinia thonningi , Linn. Angeiossus schimpeir Linn. and Cassia occidentalis Linn. were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi . Results showed that S. aureus and E. coli were partially sensitive to B. thonningi , showing 1-2mm zone of inhibition from the Ditch method and 4mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus for Disc Diffusion, with gradual increase in activity as the concentrations increased. The highest zone of inhibition of 3mm was observed against S. aureus using Angeiossu schimpri. There was no activity against E. coli and S. typhi. Cassia occidentalis was observed to have a maximum activity on S. typhi using both methods. In each case, a maximum inhibition zone of 16mm was recorded. S. aureus showed a little response (2 mm) and E. coli remained insensitive.
There is strong evidence linking low glycaemic diets and reduced risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was designed to develop low glycaemic index (GI) food using rice. Rice was subjected to enzymatic treatment at 40 °C for 8 mins for destarching. After the incubation, the proximate composition and GI of the processed rice were determined. Proximate analysis was carried out using the standard methods of AOAC, whereas GI was assessed using a postprandial oral glucose test. The results showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in percentage carbohydrates in the processed rice compared with the unprocessed control. Other parameters such as % moisture and lipids were also reduced in the processed rice when compared with the unprocessed control. Furthermore, the percentage of proteins and fibres were significantly increased in the processed rice compared to the unprocessed control. The GI of the processed rice was 69.86% as against the 86.43% of unprocessed rice, representing a 16.57% reduction. Overall, the results suggest that the enzymatic treatment of the rice have the potential of reducing both the starch content and GI of the rice. This can be explored in the development of a diabetic diet.
Abstract Injury to tissues is a major clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells. Stem cell therapy is evolving rapidly as an alternative for tissue regeneration. However, increasing evidence suggests that the regenerative ability of stem cells is mainly mediated by paracrine actions of secretome that are generally secreted by the cells. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of dental stem cell (DSC)-conditioned medium in in vivo animal models of various tissue defects. A total of 15 eligible studies was included by searching Pubmed, Scopus and Medline databases up to August 2017. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool. Of 15 studies, seven reported the therapeutic benefit of the conditioned medium on neurological diseases and three reported on joint/bone-related defects. Two interventions were on liver diseases, whereas the remaining three addressed myocardial infarction and reperfusion, lung injury and diabetes. Nine studies were performed using mouse models and the remaining six studies used rat models. The methodological quality of the studies was low, as most of the key elements required in reports of preclinical studies were not reported. The findings of this review suggested that conditioned medium from DSCs improved tissue regeneration and functional recovery. This current review strengthens the therapeutic benefit of cell-free product for tissue repair in animal models. A well-planned study utilizing validated outcome measures and long-term safety studies are required for possible translation to clinical trials.
Cassava starch powder produced locally was tested for its ability to serve as a solidifying agent in microbiological nutrient media, using different aqueous percentage concentration in pour plates and slants. 10% concentration produced setting usually associated with solid nutrient media within 30 min. Cassava starch powder can therefore be a potential solidifying agent in microbiological nutrient media as an alternative to agar-agar. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 573-574, 2005
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