Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties of methanol extract of Gynocardia odorata roxb (MEGO) in rats and mice. Methods: The plant material was extracted with methanol. Dose of 200, 400 mg/kg of each extracts were used in carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton-pellet granuloma in rats, writhing nociception in mice, and yeast induced hyperpyrexia in rats. Results: All compounds reduced paw oedema into the control group at 5 h post carrageenan injection. The methanol extract of G. odorata roxb were similar to phenylbutazone in reduction of paw oedema and cotton-pellet granuloma. The extract as well as paracetamol induced antinociception in writhing test in comparison to control. Positive results for flavanoids and phenolic compounds were investigated by phytochemical analysis of the extract. The higher antinociception effects of the extract might be due to the presence of flavanoids, and phenol compounds. The methanol extract produced a significant dose dependent inhibition of temperature elevation. Conclusion: These data suggest that the extract of G. odorata roxb produce antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities that could be due to the effect of one or a combination of the bio active components in each extract.
In the present study the methanol extract of Gynocardia odorata roxb (MEGO) against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity and anti- oxidant activity in Wistar albino rats was analysed. The methanol extract of G.odorata roxb (200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to two groups of rats (six animals per group) in order to evaluate the protective effect of the extract in rats. The other three groups were received normal saline (2 ml/kg), acetaminophen (750 mg/kg), and silymarin (50 mg/kg) respectively. The anti-oxidant effect of the extract on serum marker enzymes and histopathological studies of liver was assessed. The plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. Histopathological changes of liver sample shows mild hepatocyte degeneration. Results indicate that the G.odorata roxb possesses significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant property. Thus the study substantiates its use in traditional herbal medicine.
In the present study, the safety profile of Trichosanthes dioica root was evaluated by acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of the hydro alcoholic extract of T. dioica root (TDA) in Swiss albino mice. The oral median lethal dose (LD ) of TDA was found to be 2800 mg/kg body weight. For sub-chronic toxicity study 50 TDA was administered at the single daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days; and at the 29 day, the th hematological, serum and liver biochemical parameters were evaluated. No mortality and signs and symptoms of toxicity were observed during the course of whole study period. No significant alterations were found in hematological, serum and liver biochemical parameters in TDA treated mice when compared to vehicle control group after 28 days. The results of the present study therefore indicated that T. dioica root extract may be regarded as safe in Swiss albino mice when given orally eliciting no noticeable toxicity.
Context: Scientific validation of an ethnomedicinal combination consisting of Semecarpus kurzii Engler (Anacardeaceae) leaves (SKL) and Hernandia peltata Meisn (Hernandeaceae) stem-bark (HPB), traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation, pain and fever.Objective: To validate in vivo and in vitro analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of methanol extract of SKL, HPB and their combination.Materials and methods: Analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing reflex and tail flick in Swiss albino mice, while the anti-inflammatory activity was studied in acute, subacute and chronic model on Wistar rats. The vascular permeability, membrane stabilization and protein denaturation were examined to know the possible mode of action.Results: Significant (p < 0.01) analgesic (78.04% inhibition of writhing) and antiinflammatory (72.54% inhibition of paw edema) activity was observed in combination of SKL and HPB extracts at 250 mg/kg each. The SKL extract alone inhibits acetic acid-induced vascular permeability (64.4%) at 500 mg/kg, while in combination at 250 mg/kg each, the inhibition was 69.49% (p < 0.01). Furthermore, SKL in combination with HPB (0.25 mg/mL each) prevent RBC hemolysis (61.91%) and inhibition of protein denaturation (76.52%)-like indomethacin.Discussion and conclusion: The SKL and HPB extract, alone (500 mg/kg) and in combination, (250 mg/kg each) had significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity, probably by inhibiting the release of certain inflammatory mediators and membrane stabilization, due to the presence of triterpenes, tannins and related phytochemicals in the extracts. Thus, our results demonstrated that this combination provide the scientific rationale of its folk use.
The aim of the study is to find anti-inflammatory activity of the compound obtained from the petroleum ether extract of the fruits of Dregea volubilis .
Fruits of Dregea volubilis were extracted by petroleum ether and through column chromatography led to obtain a compound. The structure of the compound was determined on the basis of IR, MASS, NMR (PMR, CMR and DEPT) spectroscopic analysis. The compound was screened for anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats using acute carageenan induced paw oedema.
The petroleum ether extract of the fruits of Dregea volubilis Benth led to isolation and characterization of a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound designated as taraxerol and characterized as D- friedoolean- 14- en, 3 ol [Figure 1]. It has shown significant anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats.
Anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats has been shown by taraxerol obtained from the petroleum ether extract of the fruits of Dregea volubilis .
Vidangadilouham is a very famous ayurvedic herbo-mineral compound formulation generally prescribed in powder form and directed to take with some vehicle like water, honey, jiggery, milk etc. It is indicated in various ayurvedic treatises for various disorders like prameha (diabetes), sotha (inflammation), pandu (anaemia), halimak (advanced or neglected stage of anemia), medoroga (hyperlipidaemia), kamla (jaundice) etc. The ingredients of vidangadilouham are vidanga (Embelia ribes), amla (Emblica officinalis), haritaki (Terminalia chebula), bahera (Terminalia bahera), krishnajeeraka (Nigella sativa), swetajiraka (Cuminum cyminum), sunthi (Zingiber officinale), mustaka (Cyperus rotundus), pippali (Piper longum) and Louhabhasma (Incinerated iron).In the present study the pharmacognostic and basic physicochemical study of the plant drugs including phytochemical screenings had been performed. The samples were collected from authentic suppliers in dried and crude form and the macroscopic study was performed first. Then these were subjected for powdering in pulveriser and sieved through 80 #. The powdered material was subjected for microscopic study and the identification characters for each sample were noted carefully with proper illustrations. All the powdered drugs were mixed carefully with louhabhasma and thoroughly triturated well. The microscopic study and physicochemical tests of the finished product was also carried out. The data obtained from this study further may be used as a source of standard monograph for vidangadilouham.
Abstract Background Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers. (Lauraceae) fruit has traditionally been used in treatment of diabetes in Sikkim, India. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antidiabetic activity of methanol extract of Litsea cubeba fruit (MELCF) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in male albino mice. MELCF was assessed for in vitro α amylase, α glucosidase inhibitory activity and in vitro antioxidant activity against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals. STZ was given intraperitoneally at 60 mg/kg for consecutive 3 days to mice. MELCF was administered orally in three doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg body weight to STZ-induced mice. Metformin (200 mg/kg body weight) served as reference. Blood glucose and body weight were checked in seven days interval. After 28 days of treatment, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea were measured. Hepatic and renal antioxidant parameters of viz. lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. The histopathological evaluation of pancreas, liver and kidney was performed. Results MELCF demonstrated significant alpha-amylase, DPPH and nitric oxide inhibitory effects. It significantly reduced blood glucose in a dose dependent manner. It has normalizing effect on HbA1c, AST, ALT, TC, TG, urea and creatinine. It has a modulator effect on tissue antioxidant status i.e., LPO, GSH and SOD. Histopathological findings reveled regenerative effect in pancreatic islets, liver and kidney. Conclusion It can hence be concluded that, Litsea cubeba fruit has significant attenuative effect against diabetic complications in mice.
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