Michel Dione

International Livestock Research Institute

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Barbara Wieland

University of Bern

Kristina Roesel

International Livestock Research Institute

Delia Grace

International Livestock Research Institute

Danilo Pezo

National University of San Marcos

Martín Antonio

MRC Unit the Gambia

Emily A. Ouma

University of California, Davis

Joseph Kungu

Makerere University

Emily Ouma

International Livestock Research Institute

Peter M. Lule

International Livestock Research Institute

Théodore Knight-Jones

International Livestock Research Institute

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International Livestock Research Institute

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MRC Unit the Gambia

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Medical Research Council

University of Pretoria

Lincoln University

Johns Hopkins University

Makerere University

Charles Sturt University

Purdue University System

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Co-infections of respiratory pathogens and gastro-intestinal parasites in smallholder pig production systems in Uganda

Research Square (Research Square) (2022)

Peter Oba Barbara Wieland Frank Norbert Mwiine Joseph Erume Michel Dione

Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors for infections of pigs with key respiratory pathogens: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSv), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( M. hyo ), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ) and gastro-intestinal (GIT) parasites in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on management practices associated with infections. Ninety (90) farms and 259 pigs were sampled. Sera were screened against 4 pathogens using commercial ELISA tests. The Baerman’s method was used to identify parasite species in faecal samples. Logistic regression was done to identify risk factors for infections. Cluster analysis was done using a hierarchical K-means partitioning algorithm. Results showed individual animal seroprevalence of PCV2 was 6.9% (95% CI 3.7–11.1), PRRSv 13.8% (95% CI 8.8–19.6), M. hyo 6.4% (95% CI 3.5–10.5) and App 30.4% (95% CI 24.8–36.5). The prevalences of Ascaris spp was 12.7% (95% CI 8.6–16.8), Strongyles spp was 16.2% (95% CI 11.7–20.7) and Eimeria spp was 56.4% (95% CI 50.3–62.4). Pigs infested with Ascaris spp were more likely to test positive to PCV2, odds ratio (OR) 1.86 (CI 1.31–2.60; p = 0.0002). For M. hyo , infection with Strongyles spp was a risk factor (OR 12.9, p < 0.001). Pigs that had parasite infestations were more likely ( Strongyles spp. and Ascaris spp. ORs 3.5 and 3.4, p < 0.001, respectively) to have respiratory co-infections. Overall, 3 farm clusters were characterized by housing, biosecurity practices and pathogens. This study provides evidence that improving hygiene and biosecurity is critical in reducing pathogen incidence in herds.

Seroprevalence

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

10.21203/rs.3.rs-2234357/v1

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Pig diseases in Uganda: Impacts on pig production, human health and nutrition

Michel Dione Lucilla Steinaa Edward Okoth Kristina Roesel Barbara Wieland

Animal health

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Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms

Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2024)

Eve Emes Assèta Kagambèga Michel Dione

Introduction Reducing nontherapeutic antibiotic use (ABU) in livestock animals has been identified as an important way of curbing the growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, nontherapeutic ABU may be important for managing animal disease. In order to reduce nontherapeutic ABU, farmers may need to implement other complementary interventions to safeguard animal health and minimize risk. We should therefore investigate if nontherapeutic ABU is associated with better animal health outcomes before advocating to reduce it. We should also investigate non-antibiotic factors which protect animal health and can make nontherapeutic use less necessary, as well as factors which can encourage farmers to improve their antibiotic stewardship. Methods The study investigated these questions using data from the AMUSE survey, which is designed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to AMR in smallholder livestock farms. The sample included 320 animal herds from 216 smallholder livestock farms in Burkina Faso, with livestock species including poultry, small ruminants, and cattle. The determinants of the occurrence of animal disease and nontherapeutic ABU were investigated using binary logistic regression. Results Results revealed that nontherapeutic ABU was positively associated with animal disease, although the potential reverse causality of this relationship should be investigated further. Going primarily to a public veterinarian for animal health services, and having a higher level of formal education, were negatively associated with the occurrence of disease. Going primarily to a community animal health worker was positively associated with using antibiotics nontherapeutically, whereas going primarily to a public veterinarian was negatively associated with this outcome. Having an animal health professional (of any kind) provide diagnosis and treatment was positively associated with nontherapeutic antibiotic use for goats and sheep. Discussion These findings support the expansion of education access and public veterinary services as a way to encourage better antibiotic stewardship while guarding against any animal health risks associated with doing so. They also highlight that animal health professionals other than public veterinarians may prioritize animal health outcomes over antibiotic stewardship goals.

Animal Husbandry

One Health

Animal health

10.3389/fvets.2023.1258214

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Geographic and Socioeconomic Influence on Knowledge and Practices Related to Antimicrobial Resistance among Smallholder Pig Farmers in Uganda

Antibiotics (2022)

Sandra Nohrborg Michel Dione Amia Christine Winfred Louis Okello Barbara Wieland

To mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antibiotic use (ABU) in the livestock sector needs to be reduced. In low- and middle-income countries, regulations have shown to be less successful in reducing ABU. Here, a bottom-up approach can complement legal frameworks, which requires an understanding of the drivers for ABU. In this study, we investigated the influence of geographic and socioeconomic settings on determinants for ABU among pig farmers in Uganda. The data were collected through a questionnaire in two districts, Lira and Mukono, and comparative statistical analyses were performed. Farmers in Lira had less access to animal health services, applied disease prevention measures less and used antibiotics more. In Mukono, it was more common to consult a veterinarian in response to disease, while in Lira it was more common to consult an animal health worker. There was no difference in how many farmers followed treatment instructions from a veterinarian, but it was more common in Lira to follow instructions from pharmacies. The findings support the need for locally tailored AMR-reducing interventions to complement regulations. To accomplish this tailoring, systematic collection of knowledge of farm structures, farm practices and access to animal health services and veterinary drugs is necessary.

Lira

Animal health

One Health

10.3390/antibiotics11020251

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Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Production Systems in Uganda

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (2015)

Michel Dione Joyce Akol Kristina Roesel Joseph Kungu Emily A. Ouma

Smallholder pig production in Uganda is constrained by poor management and high disease burden, with African swine fever (ASF) being one of the most important contributors. However, data to develop appropriate evidence-based disease mitigating interventions along the pig value chain are lacking. This study aimed at determining risk factors associated with the occurrence of outbreaks of ASF in selected districts. A cross-sectional survey of 1195 pig-keeping households in three districts was carried out between April and July 2013. Households were classified into one of three value chain domains (VCDs) based on where the production was located and where most of the products were sold: rural-rural (R-R), rural-urban (R-U) and urban-urban (U-U). Findings revealed that crop farming is the most common primary activity in the R-R and R-U VCDs, while pig keeping was the most common primary activity in the U-U VCDs. Pigs are mostly kept tethered or left to roam in the R-R and R-U VCDs, while in the U-U VCDs, they are mostly confined in corrals. Nearly 20% of the farmers whose farms were hit by an ASF outbreak subsequently sold all their pigs (healthy and sick) to the market in panic. Factors that positively correlated with recent ASF outbreaks were prompt disposal of dead pigs on farms (P < 0.001, OR = 2.3), wild animals present in the village (P < 0.001, OR = 1.7) and farmers sourcing drugs from stockists (P < 0.001, OR = 1.6); while protective factors were the presence of perimeter fences (P = 0.03, OR = 0.5), attendance of farmers at secondary-school level and above (P < 0.001, OR = 0.6), routine cleaning of the pig pens (P < 0.001, OR = 0.6) and pigs being the only livestock kept by farmer (P = 0.01, OR = 0.7). Given the current situation, there is a need to raise awareness among farmers and other value chain actors of biosecurity measures and create incentives for farmers to report ASF cases.

Pig farming

Animal Husbandry

10.1111/tbed.12452

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Economic Assessment of Animal Disease Burden in Senegalese Small Ruminants

Anne S. Meyer Bakary Ndiaye Andrew Larkins Gemma Chaters W. Gilbert

10.2139/ssrn.4949974

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Status and gaps of research on respiratory disease pathogens of swine in Africa

Porcine Health Management (2020)

Peter Oba Barbara Wieland Frank Norbert Mwiine Joseph Erume Elin Gertzell

Abstract Over the last two decades, the pig population in Africa has grown rapidly, reflecting the increased adoption of pig production as an important economic activity. Of all species, pigs are likely to constitute a greater share of the growth in the livestock subsector. However, constraints such as respiratory infectious diseases cause significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Compared to industrialized countries, the occurrence and impacts of respiratory diseases on pig production in Africa is under-documented. Hence, knowledge on prevalence and incidence of economically important swine respiratory pathogens in pigs in Africa is necessary to guide interventions for prevention and control. The purpose of this review was to document the current status of research on five important respiratory pathogens of swine in Africa to inform future research and interventions. The pathogens included were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSv), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP ) and swine influenza A viruses (IAV). For this review, published articles were obtained using Harzing’s Publish or Perish software tool from GoogleScholar. Articles were also sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, FAO and OIE websites. The terms used for the search were Africa, swine or porcine, respiratory pathogens, M. hyopneumoniae, APP , PCV2, PPRSv, IAV, prevention and control. In all, 146 articles found were considered relevant, and upon further screening, only 85 articles were retained for the review. The search was limited to studies published from 2000 to 2019. Of all the studies that documented occurrence of the five respiratory pathogens, most were on IAV (48.4%, n = 15), followed by PCV2 (25.8%, n = 8), PPRSv (19.4%, n = 6), while only one study (3.2%, n = 1) reported APP and M. hyopneumoniae . This review highlights knowledge and information gaps on epidemiologic aspects as well as economic impacts of the various pathogens reported in swine in Africa, which calls for further studies.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Pig farming

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

10.1186/s40813-020-0144-7

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Serological evidence and factors associated with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep in Burkina Faso

Veterinary Medicine and Science (2023)

Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou Salimata Akio Madi Savadogo Bernadette Yougbaré Bruno Lalidia Ouoba

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by an orthonairovirus transmitted by bites from infected ticks or by direct contact with blood or tissues of infected ticks, viraemic patients or viraemic livestock.

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Seroprevalence

10.1002/vms3.1322

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Citations (1)

Inside the oracle's chamber. The experience of counselling supervision in a Maltese context

Сибирский психологический журнал (2008)

Michel Dione

Maltese

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