Abstract Background : To study the epidemiological characteristics of atypical Kashin-Beck disease cases without characteristic hand lesions such as interphalangeal joint enlargement and brachydactyly and the characteristics of ankle joint lesions. Methods : According to monitoring data, 4 types of regions (including none, mild, moderate and high Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas) in Heilong jiang and Jilin provinces were selected. All local residents over 40 years old were undergone clinical examanation and X-ray images of hands and feet.Kashin-Beck disease was diagnosed in accordance with the "Kashin-Beck disease diagnosis" standard (WS / T 207–2010) for the diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology 1995 diagnostic criteria. Results : 119 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in a natural village in the non-endemic area. 1,190 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in 38 endemic KBD areas.A total of 710 patients with Kashin-Beck Disease were detected, including 245 patients with grade I, 175 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III, and 265 atypical patients. Among all investigated patients , 92.0% (653/710) had ankle joint changes, and it was 80.0% (196/245) in grade I patients and 95.4% (167/175) in grade Ⅱ. Varying degrees of ankle joint changes were found in both grade III and atypical patients. The grade of Kashin-Beck disease was correlated with the degree of ankle joint change ( P <0.001), and the correlation coefficient r s =0.376. Atypical Kashin-Beck disease patients in mild and severe endemic area of Kashin-Beck Disease were younger than those with typical Kashin-Beck disease. Conclusions : There is a correlation between the degree of ankle joint change and the grade of Kashin-Beck disease. The higher the grade of Kashin-Beck disease, the more serious the change of the ankle joint.
Abstract As spent air holding high oxygen (O2) concentration (10%-20%) and heat energy from sealed composting reactor at high temperature period, it is feasible for waste degradation by aerobic microorganisms, and promotes composting pile's temperature rising in composting process based on reusing spent air. In this study, a new method of spent air reusing (SAR) was applied in composting to investigate the improvement of the compost maturity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with different composting pile height. The four different trials were researched in this paper. The conventional composting trial (T0) with 2.5 m pile height composting was used as the control, and T1, T2, T3 with 2.5 m, 3.0 m, 3.5 m pile height composting were operated under SAR method. The results showed that the compost under SAR trials had better quality and less GHG emissions than T0. Meanwhile, the composting treatment capacity increased by 40% and total GHG emissions reduced by 25.70% CO2-equivalent per ton composting materials. This study suggested SAR as a new method not only could increase the capacity of MSW composting, but also reduce the GHG emissions.
The hydrosol cleaning methods adopted in domestic PIND laboratories have many ubiquity disadvantages,which lead to hydrosol residual and bring over hidden troubles for follow-up tests.A reliable and effective cleaning solution is proposed based on analysis of the commonly-used hydrosol cleaning method.The result proves that the new cleaning solution has the advantages of low cost,easy to use,easy maintenance and high reliability,etc.The system is extremely easy to spread to the medium or small test environments with similar demands.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inoculants on compost stability, maturity and enzyme activities during composting of chicken manure and cornstalk. Two microbial inoculants (originated from aerobic municipal sludge and municipal solid waste, respectively) were used in composting at the rate of 0.3% of initial raw materials (wet weight). No microbial inoculums were added to the control. The experiment was conducted under aerobic conditions for 53 days. The results show that enzyme activity is an important index to comprehensively evaluate the composting stability and maturity. Microbes originated from sludge works best in terms of composting stability and maturity (C:N ratio decreased from 15.5 to 10, and germination index increased to 109%). Microbial inoculums originated from sludge and municipal solid waste extended the time of thermophilic phase for 11 and 7 days, respectively. Microbial inoculums originated from sludge and MSW significantly increased the average of catalase activity (by 15.0% and 12.1%, respectively), urease activity (by 21.5% and 12.2%, respectively) and cellulase activity (by 32.1% and 26.1%, respectively) during composting.
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