The present paper reports that significant genetic variability was evident in Fe, Zn, β-carotene, and phytic acid (phytate, PA) contents in a set of 39 diverse maize genotypes collected from maize breeding programme of hill agriculture, India. The Fe, Zn, β-carotene, and PA concentrations were found to be in the range 19.31–50.64 mg kg −1 , 12.60–37.18 mg kg −1 , 0.17–8.27 µg g −1 , and 6.59–7.13 g kg −1 , respectively. The genotypes V335, V420, V393, V416, V414, V372, and V351 were identified to have higher concentration of β-carotene, Fe, and Zn but lower amount of PA. Possible availability of the minerals Fe and Zn was determined using molar ratio between PA as inhibitor and β-carotene as promoter for their absorption. The micronutrient molar ratio showed that Fe and Zn traits could be dependent of each other. Low R 2 value revealed relation between β-carotene and kernel colour. The selected genotypes could be considered as potential sources of favourable genes for further breeding programs to develop micronutrient enriched maize cultivars.
Sugarcane important commercial crop of India. Both saline and sodic soils also contribute significantly in affecting cane yield and sugar recovery. In view of this, Effort was made to screen 32 genotypes of sugarcane of diverse genetic background against soil salinity at Nain farm, Panipat. (CSSRI, Karnal) during 2015-16. The soil salinity of the experimental area varies greatly from 2.25 dSm-1 to 29.04 dSm-1 at different crop intervals. Under this experiment, 9 entries were planted under various levels of electrical conductivity. Based on the performance of these entries, an experiment was planted for further evaluation at ICAR-SBI-RC, Karnal under four salinity level of irrigation waters viz., Normal, 4 EC.iw: 4 dSm-1, EC.iw: 8 dSm-1 and EC.iw: 12 dSm-1 Five clones were identified as tolerant and six clones were moderately tolerant whereas Six genotypes were found highly sensitive clones. These tolerant and moderately tolerant clones may be utilized in breeding programme towards development of salinity tolerant varieties.
This investigation aimed to optimize the time, pH, pressure, and temperature of sugarcane juice pasteurization and to develop a "ready to serve" bottled sugarcane juice with a high preservation efficiency. Fresh sugarcane juice was extracted from sugarcane genotype Co 89003, and beverage samples were collected using three different treatments: sulphitation of juice with the addition of potassium metabisulphite (KMS-25, 50, 100, and 150 ppm), acidification of juice (addition of citric acid, to reduce the pH of the juice to 4.8, 4.5, and 4.25), and steam treatment of the canes (5 min, 10, and 15 min at 7 psi). In all treatments, the juice was pasteurized in glass bottles @ 65 °C for 25 min and stored at low temperature (5 °C) in pre-sterilized glass bottles. Juice properties such as the ˚Brix, total sugar, pH, and total phenolic content decreased with storage, whereas the microbial count, titrable acidity, and reducing sugar content significantly increased during storage. The addition of KMS, citric acid, and the steam treatment reduced the browning of juice and maintained the color of juice during storage, by inhibiting the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, from 0.571 unit/mL to 0.1 unit/mL. Among the selected treatments, sugarcane juice with KMS (100 and 150 ppm) and steam treatment of the canes for 5 and 10 min at 7 psi showed the minimum changes in physico-chemical properties, sensory qualities, and restricted microbial growth. Thesulphitation treatment with pasteurization proved best for increasing the shelf life of sugarcane juice upto 90 days with refrigeration. Similarly, the steam-subjected cane juice (10 and 15 min at 7 psi) could be effectively preserved for upto 30 days with refrigeration, without any preservative.
Fifteen elite sugarcane clones along with five zonal standard varieties were evaluated under four production environments in the sub-tropical climate. AMMI model was employed to assess the magnitude of Genotype x environment (GE) interaction and the stability of sugarcane clones across environments. AMMI analysis revealed the significant difference among tested clones and environments. It has shown 43.17% of the variation in cane yield which could be attributed to environmental effects. The genotypic effects accounted for 45.76% variation with 11.06% of GEI effects. The early maturing high sugar varieties, Co 0238 and Co 0118 gave 89.27 t/ha and 80.11 t/ha cane yield, respectively and thus considered as widely adapted genotypes across the environments and can be recommended for commercial cultivation in sub-tropical region. Co 98014 and Co 05011 exhibited better adaptability in ratoon trials and appeared to be suitable for multiple ratoon. Considering IPCA score, CoS 767 was most stable standard (check) across the environments. With regards to the environments, E2 (spring season plant crop) and E1 (autumn season plant crop) placed on the upper right half of perpendicular axis of AMMI biplot due to the positive interactions and hence both E2 and E1 are the favourable environments for obtaining higher cane yield.
Drought is an important limiting factor for cane production globally, imposing significant constraints on cultivation. In this study, we have evaluated eleven sugarcane hybrids with improved germplasm bases of S. officinarum, and S.robustum under both drought and normal conditions at tropical and sub-tropical region. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects (p < 0.05) of environments, genotypes and G × E interaction for all studied traits. Severe drought stress was observed in both locations, with a reduction in cane yield and its related traits. GGE analysis under stress conditions indicated that clone 14–90 (G8), a high yielder, performed well in all eight environments. Seven stable clones, namely, 14–161 (G1), 14–111 (G5), 14–90 (G8), 14–58 (G6), 14–34 (G9), 14–124 (G11) and 14–83 (G3) exhibiting adaptive yield-enhancing traits under drought were identified along with displaying resistance to red rot. Selected clones, namely, 14–161, 14–131, 14–90 and 14–144, performed better for yield in sub-tropics, while clones 14-–161, 14–111 and 14–90 performed better in the tropics. Clone 14–90 showcased, the strong performance across all the environments and locations, emerging as the leading genotype and suggested for utilization in pre-breeding programs for both tropical and sub-tropical regions
Sugarcane crop is irrigated using surface, overhead, and drip irrigation methods. Increased water use in sugarcane is a major concern around the world, implying the need for water accounting, developing water-efficient hybrids and water-saving agro-techniques for long-term conservation and use of water. "Water Footprint (WF)" is a measure of both direct and indirect water usage accountable for any product and/or process. In praxis, 'Green Water Footprint' (GWF) and 'Blue Water Footprint' (BWF) are extremely crucial for the restoration of essential ecosystem services (ES), such as sugarcane production. The WF metric was used as a priority tool in our study to evaluate water-efficient sugarcane hybrids, germplasm clones, deficit irrigation scheduling, crop geometry, and water conservation measures. Precise and accurate WF quantification would supplement the decision-making processes for managing available water resources in sugarcane agriculture. In split plot experimental design two research investigations on water management in sugarcane were undertaken at the ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The major objective of the research trails was to find out suitable sugarcane hybrids and agronomic management practices to minimise water usage in sugarcane cultivation in water stressed and drought prone areas of tropical India. Our investigation comprised two phases; the first one being assessment of the impact of deficit irrigation scheduling, planting techniques and water conservation measures in sugarcane production, while the second phase dealt with genotypic evaluation under variable irrigation scheduling. Results showed that BWF reduced significantly in the first ratoon crop due to deficit irrigation scheduling coupled with planting of two budded setts and application of sugarcane trash at the rate of 5 t ha-1. Sugarcane hybrids viz., Co 85019, Co 10026, Co 12009, Co 13014, Co 14002, Co 14025, Co 15015, and Co 15018 were more water efficient, with a lower total WF. Among the germplasm clones, Fiji 55, ISH 111, ISH 107, Pathri, and Gungera exhibited lower GWF, BWF and total WF.
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