performance feedback quantitative workloadProtecting affective well-being is especially important for employees working in stressful settings.Building on the job characteristics model and the job demands-resources model, we analyzed the role of job demands and resources in predicting job-related affective well-being of emergency medical dispatchers (EMDs).We concentrated on quantitative workload as an important job demand, and job autonomy and performance feedback as job resources.We also tested the buffering effect of job resources on the relationship between job demands and job-related affective well-being.A sample of 335 EMDs from different Polish emergency dispatch centers, matching the population of EMDs in Poland, filled in a set of questionnaires.We applied multiple regression analysis to test the effects of job demands and resources on job-related affective well-being.We analyzed the interaction effects using the PROCESS macro.The results demonstrated that the higher the EMDs' workload, the lower their job-related affective well-being.The opposite effect occurred for job resources: the higher the job autonomy and performance feedback, the higher the EMDs' affective well-being.However, although these job resources are related positively to job-related affective well-being, they do not reduce the negative effect of quantitative workload.Efforts aimed at designing the work of medical emergency centers such that they offer EMDs access to feedback from managers and colleagues and autonomy at work, together with reducing their job overload are likely to facilitate job-related affective well-being in EMDs.Experiences of high workload are not easily balanced by access to more job resources.
Numerous factors affect reproduction, including stress, diet, obesity, the use of stimulants, or exposure to toxins, along with heavy elements (lead, silver, cadmium, uranium, vanadium, mercury, arsenic). Metals, like other xenotoxins, can cause infertility through, e.g., impairment of endocrine function and gametogenesis or excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The advancement of nanotechnology has created another hazard to human safety through exposure to metals in the form of nanomaterials (NMs). Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a specific ability to penetrate cell membranes and biological barriers in the human body. These ultra-fine particles (<100 nm) can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, food, skin, injection, or implantation. Once absorbed, NPs are transported to various organs through the blood or lymph. Absorbed NPs, thanks to ultrahigh reactivity compared to bulk materials in microscale size, disrupt the homeostasis of the body as a result of interaction with biological molecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins; interfering with the functioning of cells, organs, and physiological systems; and leading to severe pathological dysfunctions. Over the past decades, much research has been performed on the reproductive effects of essential trace elements. The research hypothesis that disturbances in the metabolism of trace elements are one of the many causes of infertility has been unquestionably confirmed. This review examines the complex reproductive risks for men regarding the exposure to potentially harmless xenobiotics based on a series of 298 articles over the past 30 years. The research was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for papers devoted to in vivo and in vitro studies related to the influence of essential elements (iron, selenium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, copper, and molybdenum) and widely used metallic NPs on male reproduction potential.
The application of 3D printing in bone grafts is gaining in importance and is becoming more and more popular. The choice of the method has a direct impact on the preparation of the patient for surgery, the probability of rejection of the transplant, and many other complications. The aim of the article is to discuss methods of bone grafting and to compare these methods. This review of literature is based on a selective literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2022 using the search terms "bone graft", "bone transplant", and "3D printing". In addition, we also reviewed non-medical literature related to materials used for 3D printing. There are several methods of bone grafting, such as a demineralized bone matrix, cancellous allograft, nonvascular cortical allograft, osteoarticular allograft, osteochondral allograft, vascularized allograft, and an autogenic transplant using a bone substitute. Currently, autogenous grafting, which involves removing the patient's bone from an area of low aesthetic importance, is referred to as the gold standard. 3D printing enables using a variety of materials. 3D technology is being applied to bone tissue engineering much more often. It allows for the treatment of bone defects thanks to the creation of a porous scaffold with adequate mechanical strength and favorable macro- and microstructures. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative approach that can be used to repair multiple bone defects in the process of transplantation. In this process, biomaterials are a very important factor in supporting regenerative cells and the regeneration of tissue. We have years of research ahead of us; however, it is certain that 3D printing is the future of transplant medicine.
Teamwork based on proper communication, social skills of interdisciplinary team members and proper division of roles has a direct impact on the quality of patient care. Incorrect interpretation of messages or delayed reaction to the received message cause significant problems in a teamwork. Nurses and doctors are two of the most important healthcare providers. They perform separate but complementary tasks in health care. An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases with the aim of analysing research on cooperation in healthcare teams, with a particular focus on the aspect of mutual communication between doctors and nurses. Empirical evidence may indicate that formal practices that strengthen communication and relationships among providers through participation in joint training have the potential to increase physicians’ awareness of teamwork and thereby support effective team behaviours. Of the studies reviewed, some were conducted using unvalidated survey instruments. Some examined the opinions of only one professional group, without comparing them with the opinions of other groups involved in the collaborative process. Consequently, the present findings are inadequate as a reliable foundation for scientific conclusions.
Work engagement and positive attitudes towards an organization are of significant importance to the functioning of employees. This article is devoted to a review of research into nursing work engagement. We reviewed publications available in the PUBMED database. For the purposes of this paper, engagement in work will be understood in accordance with Schaufeli and Bakker as a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption.
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