Chernikov Vp

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Morphological and biochemical criteria for cell death

Abstract The state-of-the-art of classifications of and criteria for cell death in the light of the 2009 recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death is presented as a lecture. Motivation is given for the necessity of using the unified criteria in the description of cell death and more than one study in its verification. The major structural and biochemical signs of four typical types of cell death--apoptosis, autophagia, keratinization, and necrosis are compared. Data are given on the major atypical forms of cell death--mitotic catastrophe, anoikis, exitotoxicity, Wallerian degeneration, paraptosis, pyroptosis, pyronecrosis, and entosis.

Pyroptosis

Mitotic catastrophe

Wallerian degeneration

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An immunohistochemical study of the primordium and primary differentiation of the parafollicular cells in the human thyroid

Известия Российской академии наук Серия биологическая (1990)

Besova Nv Savel'ev Sv Istomin Aa Chernikov Vp

Primordium

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Morphological alterations of the rat myocardium in chronic morphine intoxication

Lun'kova Lk О. В. Макарова Kakturskiĭ Lv Chernikov Vp S. K. Sudakov

Morphine was administered intraperitoneally to Wistar rats at increasing doses from 10 to 60 mg pay during 8 days. Cardiomyocyte damage in the form of myocytolysis and wave-like deformations of muscle fibers prevailed at the level of light microscopy. Microcirculatory alterations were characteristic: stasis, sludge-phenomenon, perivascular and interstitial oedema, diapedes hemorrhages, focal proliferation of vascular wall cells. Ultrastructural lesions were as follows: subsarcolemma edema, mitochondrial destruction, formation of giant forms of mitochondria, single contractures, increasing micropinocytosis, intestitial edema.

Degeneration (medical)

Muscle contracture

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[Internet resources on electron microscopy].

PubMed (2000)

Chernikov Vp С. В. Буравков

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[Role of hypoxia-induced transcriptional factor HIF-1 in the regulation of enterocytic metabolism].

Chernikov Vp

The mechanisms responsible for the induction of the desquamation and death of intestinal epithelial cells in the areas of extrusion in normalcy remain unknown so far. The author's ultrastructural data and the data available in the literature suggest that HIF-1 [corrected] may regulate these processes. Its activators may be both lower oxygen concentrations in the upper portions of the intestinal villus (physiological hypoxia) and some nonhypoxic factors, such as LPS of the enteric microflora. On the one hand, HIF-1 is involved in adaptive processes, by mobilizing specifically cellular and tissue resources, and, on the other hand, it promotes the inclusion of the mechanisms of programmed cell death at a certain stage, by provoking the synthesis of the proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins BNIP3 and BNIP3L, which is morphologically manifested as different types of apoptotic and necrotic cell death.

Hypoxia

Hypoxia-Inducible Factors

Desquamation

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[Cytological characteristics, elemental composition of alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage, lung pathology in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

PubMed (1998)

Cherniaev Al Grobova Om Nekliudova Gv Chuchalin Ag Ammosova Sp

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), broncho- and transbronchial biopsies were examined in Chernobyl wreckers eleven years after the accident. Cytologically and electron-microscopically, there was predominance of alveolar macrophages (AM) with many cytoplasmic foreign bodies containing clear needle-like crystals. Roentgenospectral analysis and laser mass-spectrometry revealed chemical elements which are part of non-active "hot particles" (Al, Si, Ca, Fe) as well as reactor fuel elements and the station constructive materials which are the active part of "hot particles". Programmed BALF allowed to decrease cytosis and the amount of AM containing foreign-body particles as well as concentration of the majority of chemical elements in AM.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolus

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[The presence of cesium-137 in the tissue of a lung tumor in someone who cleaned up the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

PubMed (1996)

Grobova Om Chernikov Vp

A man of 66 participated in the emergency works after the Chernobyl accident. His official dose of radiation comprised 24 roentgens. In March, 1993, he underwent prophylactic examination including computed tomography which revealed peripheral tumor in the lower part of the left lung with penetration in the lymph nodes of the lung root. Biopsy showed it to be adenocarcinoma. Moreover, electron-microscopically, more than 40% of alveolar macrophages contained large optically dense particles in the cytoplasm. After lobectomy in March 1993 x-ray and gamma spectrometry of the removed lung tissue recorded high content of 137Cs (0.1-0.18 Bq). This finding evidences possible long-term deposition of radionuclides in the bronchopulmonary system of radiation-exposed subjects.

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[Cation permeability of liver mitochondrial membranes during Ca+-dependent anoxic damage in vitro].

PubMed (1977)

Bragin Eo Sorokovoĭ Vi Chernikov Vp Kogan Em Vladimirov IuA

Ca2+ ions are responsible for impairment of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria under anoxia in vitro. The decrease in this function is due to inhibition of electron transport over respiratory chain and to uncoupling. The increase in membrane permeability for H+, K+ and Na+ was observed on incubation of mitochondria under anoxic condition together with Ca2+. Uncoupling of phosphorylation depends on the increased permeability of the membranes for H+. The increased permeability of membranes for Na+ and K+ under energy liberation and in presence of penetrating anions led to active swelling of organelles and to secondary (osmotic) impairment. Ca2+-activated mitochondrial phospholipase A2 appears to participate in the organelle impairment under anoxia.

Organelle

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[Ultrastructure and interaction of normal killer cells from human blood and target cells sensitive to them].

PubMed (1982)

Shakhlamov Va Van'ko Lv Chernikov Vp Fuks Bb

Morphological properties of cells possessing a natural cytotoxic activity obtained from blood of healthy persons have been studied, as well as the process of their interaction with sensitive target-cells (K-562). By means of electron microscopy, during incubation at 37 degrees C, appearance of specific morphological manifestations of cytolytic action of the effector-cells forming rather tight contacts with the target-cells (vacuolization of cytoplasm, ring-form defects in plasmalemma, subsequent destruction of the target-cells) has been followed. Morphological features of cytotoxic leucocytes are similar to the morphological criteria specific for T gamma (T-lymphocytes possessing receptors for Fc-fragment of immunoglobulin G) and zero lymphocytes: a rather low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, a well developed Golgi complex, a rather great amount of mitochondria.

Vacuolization

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[The morphogenesis of the human brain on the 27th-35th day of development with disordered neurulation].

Biology Bulletin (1992)

Savel'ev Sv Chernikov Vp

Neurulation

Organogenesis

Neuroepithelial cell

Neural fold

Anencephaly

Neocortex

Hindbrain

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Citations (1)