Kashif Ali

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

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Robert Verpoorte

Leiden University

Young Hae Choi

Leiden University

Federica Maltese

Italian Institute of Technology

Neha Farid

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

Asma Bashir

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

Kiran Fatima

University of Lahore

Ana Margarida Fortes

University of Lisbon

M. S. Pais

Portuguese Military Academy

Firasat Hussain

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Muhammad Shuaib

Yunnan University

Cooperative Institutions

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

Government College University, Lahore

University of Delaware

Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University

Haliç University

Panjab University

Government College University, Faisalabad

University of Karachi

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Quaid-i-Azam University

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Snuff Usage and Knowledge Regarding Its Effects Among Pakistani Male Students of Public Medical University, Peshawar

Science Journal of Public Health (2023)

Muhammad Ans Sameen Abbas Kashif Ali Anosh Sana Sara Shahid

In Pakistan, snuff, locally known as Naswar, was introduced decades ago, and is usually processed into a loose moist form, and its use is widespread in the country. The evaluation of carcinogenic risks of smokeless tobacco by the International Agency on Research for Cancer (IARC) has confirmed that smokeless tobacco is carcinogenic to human and the main target organ being the oral cavity where the products are applied locally. So, this study is done about snuff usage and knowledge regarding its effects among Pakistani Male Students in Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Descriptive cross sectional institutional based study with sample size of 400 was done from 5251 the study population (Pakistanis male students at the Khyber Medical University, Peshawar) during the academic year 2018-2020, in which random sampling technique was used. Data was collected using self-administrated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) (IBM v. 25). The overall knowledge level was very high within non-snuff dippers i.e., 92%, which was very high according to Likert measure, whereas the knowledge level among snuff dippers was (76.4%) which was also high. The prevalence of snuff usage among Pakistani male students was 174 (43.5%) n = 400. The greatest predisposing factor was the friend's effect (81.5%), whereas the least predisposing factor was the advertisement effect (23.8%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge level and snuff usage. In conclusion, snuff usage prevalence among students was high, the overall knowledge level was very high, effect of friends was the most common risk factor for snuff usage, so there is an urgent need for intervention by providing tobacco prevention program for raising awareness regarding to the health hazards of tobacco use and counselling to help and encourage users for cessation and to prevent tobacco initiation.

Snuff

Chewing tobacco

Microsoft excel

Cross-sectional study

Knowledge level

10.11648/j.sjph.20231103.14

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Sources and Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in Different Rice Paddies of Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan

BioScientific Review (2023)

Usman Adrees Imran Afzal Ahmed Shabbir Chaudhary Ramna Zia Kashif Ali

Rice is a major cash crop used all over world. The hygroscopic nature of rice kernel with warm and fumic conditions is favorable to enhance the growth and development of toxigenic fungi which produce mycotoxins. This study estimates the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in different rice paddies collected from twelve regions of the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. All the samples were analyzed for their phenotypic characteristics (appearance, odor, and grain length). Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate AFB1, both before and after applying the steam decontamination procedure to detoxify aflatoxin contamination. Cultural assay was used to find the source of aflatoxin. PDA and SDA agar were used to detect aflatoxin producing fungal species. Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LCB) staining was used for microscopic identification of fungal contaminants. Paddies from most regions appeared yellowish in color and odorless with the exception of Hafizabad, Jhang, Sheikhupura, and Gujarat (in Punjab), where they appeared blackish yellow in color and with a pungent smell. According to the results, 43 (61.42%) samples were detected with aflatoxin B1 out of 70 samples, with an average of 15.86±1.7 ug/kg, before treating with seam. After treatment with steam, 7 (10%) samples were detected with aflatoxin B1, with an average of 2.55±1.51 ug/kg. Most regions showed the presence of P. chrysogenum with the exception of R.Y. Khan, which showed the presence of A. niger. Steam, on average, reduced aflatoxin to 51.42%. The current study indicates that steam is an effective treatment to eradicate aflatoxin at industrial level. New approaches may be explored to target the contaminants in order to ensure food safety.

Potato dextrose agar

10.32350/bsr.52.03

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Mortality Associated with Priority Diseases in Flood-Affected Areas Using District Health Information System (DHIS2) During September–December 2022: Pakistan Experience

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness (2024)

Nadia Nisar Zeeshan Iqbal Muhammad Sartaaj Aamer Ikram Najma Javad

Abstract Objectives: To quantify the burden of communicable diseases and characterize the most reported infections during public health emergency of floods in Pakistan. Methods: The study’s design is a descriptive trend analysis. The study utilized the disease data reported to District Health Information System (DHIS2) for the 12 most frequently reported priority diseases under the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in Pakistan. Results: In total, there were 1,532,963 suspected cases during August to December 2022 in flood-affected districts (n = 75) across Pakistan; Sindh Province reported the highest number of cases (n = 692,673) from 23 districts, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (n = 568,682) from 17 districts, Balochistan (n = 167,215) from 32 districts, and Punjab (n = 104,393) from 3 districts. High positivity was reported for malaria (79,622/201,901; 39.4%), followed by acute diarrhea (non-cholera) (23/62; 37.1%), hepatitis A and E (47/252; 18.7%), and dengue (603/3245; 18.6%). The crude mortality rate was 11.9 per 10 000 population (1824/1,532,963 [deaths/cases]). Conclusion: The study identified acute respiratory infection, acute diarrhea, malaria, and skin diseases as the most prevalent diseases. This suggests that preparedness efforts and interventions targeting these diseases should be prioritized in future flood response plans. The study highlights the importance of strengthening the IDSR as a Disease Early Warning System through the implementation of the DHIS2.

Disease Surveillance

Cholera

Communicable disease

10.1017/dmp.2024.77

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IN-VITRO AMYLASE AND UREASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND CHENOPODIUM QUINOA SEEDS

Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology (2023)

Zerfishan Riaz Syed Muhammad Ali Shah Sabira Sultana Kashif Ali Naheed Akhtar

Amylase and urease are two important enzymes and drug targets in crosstalk, with oxidative stress playing a vital role in developing and originating diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, alpha-amylase inhibition is a vital therapeutic target in regulating increased postprandial blood glucose levels. Increased urea production increases the local pH and produces a favorable environment for bacteria like helicobacter pylori, leading to peptic ulcer and stone formation. Despite the latest innovations in modern medicine, medicinal plants and natural treatments are getting more attention. Herbs have been used to cure numerous diseases for a long. However, scientists have shown more interest in extracting herbal bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties because of their side effects and consumption of synthesized medicines. This study investigated the amylase and urease inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera leaves and Chenopodium quinoa seeds by inhibitory enzyme assay, which shows excellent results. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaves and C. quinoa seeds were prepared to check their enzyme inhibitory activity. It showed significant enzyme inhibitory action against urease and alpha-amylase, respectively. Consumption of these edible medicinal plants illustrates therapeutic efficacy against gastrointestinal ulcers and postprandial hyperglycemia. The isolation of valuable amylase and urease inhibitors might achieve through assay-guided phytochemical analysis.

Moringa

Phytochemical

Alpha-amylase

Acarbose

10.53555/jptcp.v30i18.4025

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NMR‐Based Metabolomics Analysis

Andrea Lubbe Kashif Ali Robert Verpoorte Young Hae Choi

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Platforms for Metabolomics NMR for Metabolomics Applications of NMR-Based Metabolomics Future Prospects and Conclusions References

10.1002/9783527655861.ch9

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METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PRUNUS CERASUS L. AND PRUNUS MAHALEB L. FRUITS

Acta Horticulturae (2012)

C. Gerardi Federica Blando Giuseppina Mulè Federica Maltese Kashif Ali

Prunus cerasus

Prunus dulcis

10.17660/actahortic.2012.940.51

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Assessment and Comparative Study of Biofilm Formation with Frequency of Multi Drug Resistance in Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (2021)

Kiran Fatima Kashif Ali

Background: The study was conducted to identify the role of biofilms in the antibiotic susceptibility in the strains of Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 19 non-repeated pus/wound swab samples from different anatomic locations and 17 samples that were previously identified as Staphylococcus aureus and preserved in the labs were included in the study. The Staphylococcus aureus was identified based on colony morphology, Gram’s stain, biochemical tests (catalase and coagulase tests) and molecular identification through PCR amplification. Methodology: A total of 26 samples were recovered out of the 31 samples. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test was used to determine the sensitivity or resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin. Out of the 26 strains, 4 were highly resistant, 10 were moderately resistant and 12 strains were sensitive. Three different protocols (Tube Method, Congo Red Agar Method and Tissue Culture plate method) were used for the detection of biofilm formation for both resistant and sensitive strains. Result: Comparative analysis of the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation by different protocols showed that 70% strains that are resistant to antibiotic methicillin produced moderate-strong biofilms. 50% have produced the moderate-strong biofilms in all 3 protocols. In case of sensitive, 50% strains had produced none-weak biofilms in all 3 protocols. Decisions: The strains that had zone of inhibition of close to resistance produced weak-strong biofilms but they all produced weak biofilms in CRA method. It can be concluded that the strains of Staphylococcus aureus that have the ability to produce biofilms become methicillin resistant.

Agar diffusion test

Antibiotic sensitivity

Coagulase

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60b34920

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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF CROTON (CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM)

Pakistan Journal of Botany (2008)

Asma Nasib Kashif Ali Saifullah Khan

Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) with its amazing colors and leathery leaves is regarded as a beautiful foliage plant. The plant is native of South East Asia. Generally crotons are multiplied vegetatively by means of cuttings and air layering. This process is slow in response and need to maintain large number of mother plants stock. Micropropagation is an alternative mean of propagation that can meet its high demand in relatively shorter time. An improved and enhanced method was established for the In vitro propagation of croton. A series of experiments were conducted for the optimization of shooting and rooting media. The best media for shoot induction was MS (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine). The effect of the selected media was further enhanced by adding adjuvants like malt extract and peptone. The MS basal salt mixtures with BAP (0.5 mg/L) and 25 mg/L of malt extract along with 25 mg/L of peptone effectively enhanced the shoot formation. The In vitro roots were efficiently induced by using MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of IBA (Indole 3- butyric acid). The sufficiently rooted plants were then transferred to the green house for hardening and 80% sand and 20% farm yard manure, as a potting mix, was best suited for the acclimatization of plantlets.

Cutting

Vegetative reproduction

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Citations (28)

Structural dynamics and anti-biofilm screening of novel imidazole derivative to explore their anti-biofilm inhibition mechanism against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (2024)

Shahab Mehmood Mumtaz Hussain Khair Bux Zahid Hussain Muhammad Raza Shah

The biofilm formation is still prevalent mechanism of developing the drug resistance in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-negative bacteria, known for its major role in nosocomial, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), lung infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. As best of our knowledge, current study first time reports the most potent inhibitors of LasR, a transcriptional activator of biofilm and virulence regulating genes in, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR, utilizing newly functionalized imidazoles (5a-d), synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using click approach. The synthesized ligands were characterized through Mass Spectrometry and 1H NMR. The binding potency and mode of biding of ligands. Quantum Mechanical(QM) methods were utilized to investigate the electronic basis, HOMO/LUMO and dipole moment of the geometry of the ligands for their binding potency. Dynamics cross correlation matrix (DCCMs) and protein surface analysis were further utilized to explore the structural dynamics of the protein. Free energy of binding of ligands and protein were further estimated using Molecular Mechanical Energies with the Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) method. Molecular Docking studies revealed significant negative binding energies (5a − 10.33, 5b −10.09, 5c − 10.11, and 5d −8.33 KJ/mol). HOMO/LUMO and potential energy surface map estimation showed the ligands(5a) with lower energy gaps and larger dipole moments had relatively larger binding potency. The significant change in the structural dynamics of LasR protein due to complex formation with newlyfunctionalized imidazoles ligands. Hydrogen bond surface analysis followed by MMPBSA calculations of free energy of binding further complemented the Molecular docking revelations showing the specifically ligand (5a) having the relatively higher energy of binding(-65.22kj/mol).

Docking (animal)

10.1080/07391102.2024.2317983

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Biotransformation of Dehydroepiandrosterone by Cell Suspension Culture of Codiaeum variegatum

Chemistry of Natural Compounds (2014)

Saifullah Saifullah Azizuddin Saifullah Khan Kashif Ali M. Iqbal Choudhary

Biotransformation

Suspension culture

Pregnane

10.1007/s10600-014-1049-y

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