Abstract Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak was identified in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, reaching the pandemic levels. However, a specific, effective and proven therapy for the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains elusive. We aim to compare the efficacy and the safety of three antiviral monotherapies (chloroquine phosphate, arbidol (Umifenovir) or lopinavir/ritonavir) in non-severe, hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the hospitalised, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, treated with antiviral monotherapies at Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital between Jan 19 and Mar 16, 2020. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome of the study was the viral shedding interval. Results: Twenty-seven patients with COVID-19 were included in the study with 10 receiving chloroquine phosphate, 11 receiving arbidol and 6 receiving lopinavir/ritonavir. Baseline demographics and clinical data were similar between groups. The median viral shedding interval in the lopinavir/ritonavir group was 13.0 days (95% CI: 12.2-23.8), while significantly shorter in the chloroquine group at 5.0 days (95% CI: 0.4-9.6) (p=0.003). A reduced median interval was also observed in the arbidol group, with 8.0 days (95%CI: 4.9-11.1) (p=0.008). Moreover, the hospitalisation duration was shorter in the chloroquine (9.3 ± 1.8 days, p<0.001) and arbidol groups (11.7 ± 3.7 days, p<0.001), and the hospitalisation costs were significantly reduced in the chloroquine (USD 1327 ± 566, p=0.001) and arbidol groups (USD 1167 ± 434, p<0.001), when compared with the lopinavir/ritonavir group (hospitalisation length and costs: 19.7 ± 4.4 days and USD 3806 ± 2262, respectively). Conclusions: Chloroquine and arbidol could not only shorten the viral shedding interval but also decreased the hospitalisation duration and hospitalisation expenses. Trial registration: The ethics committee of the Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital approved this study, and the trial was registered with www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000030931).
Abstract Burkholderia cepacia predominantly causes opportunistic infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients such as patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nonetheless, Burkholderia cepacia is infrequently reported to cause infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Herein, we report a rare case of suppurative parotitis in a 31‐year‐old patient with T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) who underwent auto‐HSCT. The secretion from the Stensen duct was collected, and Burkholderia cepacia was detected using the VITEK‐2 identification system. Additionally, sensitive antibiotic therapy against this bacterium was also effective. This is the first case of parotitis triggered by Burkholderia cepacia after auto‐HSCT, and it is also the first reported domestic case. This case emphasizes the importance of considering bacterial infections in general and Burkholderia cepacia specifically in HSCT patients with post‐transplant parotitis.
Oxidative stress (OS) can either lead to leukemogenesis or induce tumor cell death by inflammation and immune response accompanying the process of OS through chemotherapy. However, previous studies mainly focus on the level of OS state and the salient factors leading to tumorigenesis and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and nothing has been done to distinguish the OS-related genes with different functions.First, we downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from public databases and evaluated the oxidative stress functions between leukemia cells and normal cells by the ssGSEA algorithm. Then, we used machine learning methods to screen out OS gene set A related to the occurrence and prognosis of AML and OS gene set B related to treatment in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) like population (HSC-like). Furthermore, we screened out the hub genes in the above two gene sets and used them to identify molecular subclasses and construct a model for predicting therapy response.Leukemia cells have different OS functions compared to normal cells and significant OS functional changes before and after chemotherapy. Two different clusters in gene set A were identified, which showed different biological properties and clinical relevance. The sensitive model for predicting therapy response based on gene set B demonstrated predictive accuracy by ROC and internal validation.We combined scRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data to construct two different transcriptomic profiles to reveal the different roles of OS-related genes involved in AML oncogenesis and chemotherapy resistance, which might provide important insights into the mechanism of OS-related genes in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of AML.
Objective: To explore the clinical effect of nutritional and psychological intervention combined with pulmonary rehabilitation exercise on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 260 patients with COPD admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from October 2014 to October 2017 were included. They were divided into mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe groups according to forced expiratory volume in one second predicted (FEV(1)%prep) of pulmonary function. The patients were divided into control group and comprehensive management group according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine treatment including smoking quitting persuasion, vaccination, oxygen therapy and standardized medication. The comprehensive management group was given additional nutritional support, psychological intervention and pulmonary rehabilitation exercise. The data of the lung function indexes (FEV(1)%prep, FEV(1)/FVC, PaO(2), PaCO(2)), nutritional indexes [body mass index (BMI), albumin (ALB), nutrition risk screening (NRS)2002], anxiety and depression scores, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT), St. George's score, and frequency of acute exacerbations were compared between two groups after 12 months of treatment. Results: After 12 months' treatment, PaO(2) in the comprehensive management group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(51.1±7.2) vs (47.0±9.1) mmHg] (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); Nutritional risk (NRS2002) decreased obviously [(1.1±1.1) vs (2.2±1.0)]; anxiety score [(4.1±2.2) vs (5.6±2.7)]; depression score [(4.1±2.0) vs (5.5±2.6)] and St. George's score [(36.8±20.8) vs (48.6±19.5)] decreased significantly (P<0.05). And the 6MWD was significantly farther [(368.4±72.0) vs (343.4±75.0) m] in management group. The frequency of acute exacerbations was significantly reduced in the mild, moderate and severe groups (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in FEV(1)%prep, FEV(1)/FVC, PaCO(2), BMI, ALB, mMRC score and CAT score. Conclusion: Nutritional and psychological intervention combined with pulmonary rehabilitation exercise can reduce the nutritional risk and the frequency of acute exacerbations in patients with COPD, relieve anxiety and depression state and improve the quality of life.目的： 探讨以营养补充和心理干预联合肺康复训练操为主的综合管理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称慢阻肺）患者的疗效。 方法： 选择昆明医科大学第六附属医院2014年10月至2017年10月就诊的260例慢阻肺稳定期患者，依据肺功能分轻、中、重、极重度，各组按随机数字表法再分成对照组和综合管理组。对照组予劝导戒烟、疫苗接种、氧疗、规范药物使用等常规治疗，综合管理组在此基础上增加营养补充、心理干预、肺康复训练操。12个月后对比分析两组患者的第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV(1)）占预计值的百分比（FEV(1)%预计值）、FEV(1)与用力肺活量（FVC）的比值（FEV(1)/FVC）、动脉血氧分压（PaO(2)）及二氧化碳分压（PaCO(2)）、体质指数（BMI）、血清白蛋白（ALB）水平、营养风险筛查（NRS2002）评分、上臂围、6 min步行距离（6MWD）、改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表（mMRC）评分、慢阻肺评估测试（CAT）评分、中文版医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分、急性加重次数等。 结果： 综合管理组PaO(2)显著高于对照组[（51.1±7.2）比（47.0±9.1）mmHg]（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）；NRS2002评分[（1.1±1.1）比（2.2±1.0）分]、焦虑评分[（4.1±2.2）比（5.6±2.7）分]、抑郁评分[（4.1±2.0）比（5.5±2.6）分]、SGRQ总分[（36.8±20.8）比（48.6±19.5）分]均显著低于对照组；6MWD显著长于对照组[（368.4±72.0）比（343.4±75.0）m]（P<0.05）；轻、中、重度患者急性加重次数显著低于对照组（均P<0.05）；FEV(1)%预计值、FEV(1)/FVC、PaCO(2)、BMI、ALB、上臂围、mMRC及CAT评分差异无统计学意义。 结论： 营养干预、心理干预联合肺康复训练操的综合肺康复管理措施可降低慢阻肺患者的营养风险，改善焦虑抑郁，提高生活质量，减少轻、中、重度患者急性加重次数。.
Little is known about the relationships between human genetics and the airway microbiome. Deeply sequenced airway metagenomics, by simultaneously characterizing the microbiome and host genetics, provide a unique opportunity to assess the microbiome-host genetic associations. Here we performed a co-profiling of microbiome and host genetics with the identification of over 5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through deep metagenomic sequencing in sputum of 99 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 36 healthy individuals. Host genetic variation was the most significant factor associated with the microbiome except for geography and disease status, with its top 5 principal components accounting for 12.11% of the microbiome variability. Within COPD individuals, 113 SNPs mapped to candidate genes reported as genetically associated with COPD exhibited associations with 29 microbial species and 48 functional modules (P < 1 × 10
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