Abstract Purpose: To determine the effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on anxiety, depression, and quality of life among breast cancer patients with mental health disorders at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial study was conducted among 114 (n=57 intervention, and n= 57 control group) breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder at the oncology center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The hospital anxiety and depression measurement scale was used to assess depression and anxiety disorder and a 30-item quality of life questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. General Linear Model analysis was done, confounding factors were controlled, and P<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: Patients in the intervention group showed a significant improvement in the anxiety (coefficient -3.68; 95% CI -5.67,-1.69; P<0.001), depression (coefficient -3.22; 95% CI -4.7,-1.69; P<0.001), physical functioning (coefficient 10.55; 95% CI 3.13, 17.98; P=0.006), health related quality of life (coefficient 21.85; 95% CI 14.1, 29.59; P<0.001), Insomnia (coefficient -19.56; 95% CI -31.87, -7.25; P=0.002), and fatigue (coefficient -11.37; 95% CI -21.49, -1.24; P=0.028) respectively. Conclusions: The adapted Ethiopian version of interpersonal psychotherapy had improved anxiety, depression, and some domains of health-related quality of life. Hence, health programmers should consider incorporating it as a treatment option in oncology centers. Trial registration number: PACTR202011629348967 granted on 20 November 2020 which was retrospectively registered.
Background: According to ILO estimates, at least 180 million children aged 5 to 14 years are currently engaged in fulltime work in the developing countries. However, very little information exists about childhood behavioral and mental disorders in Ethiopia. Objective: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence and describe the nature of behavioral and mental health problems, as well as child abuse, nutritional problems, gross physical illness and injury among child laborers aged 8 to 15 years in Ethiopia. However, only the behavioral and mental health problems of the study population are examined here. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8 to 15 years, and who were engaged in fulltime work in different formal and informal sectors non-laborers, was conducted in four major towns of Ethiopia. The screening instrument known as Reported Questionnaire on Children (RQC) and a diagnostic instrument known as the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents ( DICA) were used to detect symptoms and signs of behavioral and mental problems in the children. br> Results: A total of 2000 child laborers and 400 non-laborers were interviewed using RQC to screen for probable cases of behavioral and mental problems. Of these, 50% of the laborers and 42% of the non-laborers were males. The mean age of the laborers was 13.8 ±1.8 years while that of the non-laborers was 12.2 ±2.1 years. More females (76.8%) were found to have been engaged in domestic labor than males. The RQC interview screened 9.4% (n=226) of the children as probable cases of mental/ behavioral disorders, (14.0% non-laborers and 8.5% laborers). The second stage DICA interview gave an overall prevalence of 5.5% (4.9% in laborers and 8.8% in non-laborers). Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood behavioral and mental disorders in this study is within the range reported in previews studies conducted on children of the same age group. However, the lower prevalence of childhood disorders in the child laborers compared to that of the non-laborers found in the current study is probably due to selection bias or healthy workers effect. Thus, further study is recommended to explain this unexpected finding. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 20 (2) 2006: 119-126
to explain comparatively how economic and family caregiver burden in families with bipolar disorder patients change overtime.one year follow-up of economic and family caregiver burden was carried out on family caregivers of 190 bipolar, 55 diabetes, hypertension and asthma patients and 659 sick controls in the community. Population average generalized estimating equation was used to make longitudinal comparative analysis.bipolar patient family caregivers were found to be more burdened, for about 8 to 10 months of the year of study, than family caregivers of diabetes, hypertension and asthma and sick controls in the community. The average difference in family caregiver burden score between bipolar and diabetes, hypertension and asthma patient family caregivers was 4.36 (z = -8.75, P>|z|= 0.001); while the difference due to time between the two groups was 3.42 (z= -4.27, P>|z|= 0.001). Similarly, the average difference in family caregiver burden score between family caregivers of bipolar patient and sick controls in the community was 3.7 (z= -4.88, P>|z| 0.001). In terms of longitudinal caregiver burden difference, bipolar patients family caregivers were found to be more burdened than family caregivers of sick controls in the community with a burden score difference of 2.97 (z= -5.17, P>|z|= 0.001).more should be done to lessen the economic and family caregiver burden due to bipolar disorder.
Introduction: Enhancing the well-being of individuals and communities besides enabling them to achieve their self-determined goals is the main purpose of mental health service.
Objectives: To estimate the economic cost of major mental illnesses and cost determinants to the public health service provider.
Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate cost of major mental illnesses using prevalence-based, bottom-up costing approach. Average cost was calculated by identifying and adding various components oftreatment costs from service provision units.
Results: Unit cost of 1,204 ETB was incurred to the public health service provider to give mental health services at Amanuel Hospital. Additionally, the hospital incurred a unit cost of 225 ETB to provide emergency services while the unit costs to inpatient and outpatient health services were 23,016 and 618 ETB respectively. Distribution of the hospital outpatient cost significantly differs for the residence area of patients (x2=20.5, P < 0.001) and total hospital outpatient cost (x2=113.2, p<0.001) significantly differs for the number of visits made to the outpatient department of the hospital.
Conclusion: Providing inpatient mental health service is more costly than outpatient and emergency mental health services for the hospital.
Background: The youth is vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors that could lead to unfavorable health outcomes. Youth communication can be one of the most effective strategies in reducing risky sexual behaviors. Only a little has been explored about the role of a parent influence in protecting youths from risky sexual behaviors. Thus, this study tried to assess risky sexual behaviors and the influence of parents on risky sexual behavior among youths in Dilla Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design, supplemented by a qualitative study was employed. The data were collected in January, 2012 by using interview administered questionnaire for the quantitative part, while focus group discussion was employed for qualitative part of the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: From sexually active youths, nearly half (48.3%) of youths reported unprotected sex. In the recent sex, 23.9 % of youths had two or more lifetime sexual partners and 12.6% of youths had sex with non-regular partners. Males had two times more sexual partners than females (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.21), on the other hand, females had three times more sex with non-regular partners than males (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.10, 6.51). Parental communication showed a significant relation to risky sexual behavior. The odds of having had multiple sexual partners were three fold higher among youths who don’t discuss about sexual issues than who discussed (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: (1.37,7.08). About onefifth of youth had a discussion about sexual issues with their parents and they preferred the same sex to discuss on sexual issues with their parents and peers. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of youths engaged in risky sexual behaviors in both sexes. Parents play a greater role in shaping the behavior of youths. Therefore, Behavior change communication should consider family environment and other factors which predict risk sexual behaviors has to be strengthened.
Advancements in implant design, surface characteristics, and surgical protocols have made implant restorations safe and highly predictable procedures. Bone metabolism plays a central role in the success of implant therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a significant disease impacting bone metabolism, particularly during the initial stages of osseointegration and in long-term survival. Moreover, aging is linked to various systemic conditions, such as diabetes, which increase the susceptibility of the periodontium and teeth to disease, often resulting in tooth loss. Studies on the impact of glycemic control on the success and longevity of implant–prosthetic rehabilitation in diabetic patients highlight a significant association between hyperglycemia and complications in implant therapy. This review identified 18 relevant publications through Medline, and studies were screened against the aim and objectives of the review. A total of five articles were excluded because of lack of focus on the effect of glycemic control on dental implants. Diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels may face a heightened risk of developing implant complications. Effective glycemic control plays a critical role in the long-term success of dental implants in these individuals. Marginal bone loss (MBL) is a critical indicator of implant health and success. Clinical studies generally show greater MBL in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. Furthermore, controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with significantly better maintenance.
This analysis is to present the burden and trends of morbidity and mortality due to lower respiratory infections (LRIs), their contributing risk factors, and the disparity across administrative regions and cities from 1990 to 2019.This analysis used Global Burden of Disease 2019 framework to estimate morbidity and mortality outcomes of LRI and its contributing risk factors. The Global Burden of Disease study uses all available data sources and Cause of Death Ensemble model to estimate deaths from LRI and a meta-regression disease modelling technique to estimate LRI non-fatal outcomes with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI).The study includes nine region states and two chartered cities of Ethiopia.We calculated incidence, death and years of life lost (YLLs) due to LRIs and contributing risk factors using all accessible data sources. We calculated 95% UIs for the point estimates.In 2019, LRIs incidence, death and YLLs among all age groups were 8313.7 (95% UI 7757.6-8918), 59.4 (95% UI 49.8-71.4) and 2404.5 (95% UI 2059.4-2833.3) per 100 000 people, respectively. From 1990, the corresponding decline rates were 39%, 61% and 76%, respectively. Children under the age of 5 years account for 20% of episodes, 42% of mortalities and 70% of the YLL of the total burden of LRIs in 2019. The mortality rate was significantly higher in predominantly pastoralist regions-Benishangul-Gumuz 101.8 (95% UI 84.0-121.7) and Afar 103.7 (95% UI 86.6-122.6). The Somali region showed the least decline in mortality rates. More than three-fourths of under-5 child deaths due to LRIs were attributed to malnutrition. Household air pollution from solid fuel attributed to nearly half of the risk factors for all age mortalities due to LRIs in the country.In Ethiopia, LRIs have reduced significantly across the regions over the years (except in elders), however, are still the third-leading cause of mortality, disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years old and predominantly pastoralist regions. Interventions need to consider leading risk factors, targeted age groups and pastoralist and cross-border communities.
Abstract Background Mortality caused by injuries is increasing and becoming a significant global public health concern. Limited evidence from Ethiopia on road traffic, unintentional and intentional injuries indicate the potential public health impact of problems resulting from such injuries. However, there is a significant evidence gap about the actual national burden of all injuries in Ethiopia. This data base study aimed to reveal the national burden of different injuries in Ethiopia. Methodology Data for this study were extracted from the estimates of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2017 study. Estimates of metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), death rates, incidence, and prevalence were extracted. The metrics were then examined at different injury types, socio-demographic categories such as age groups and sex. Trends of the metrics were also explored for these categories across years from 2007 to 2017. The DALYs and deaths due to injuries in Ethiopia were also compared with other East African countries (specifically Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) in order to evaluate regional differences across years, by sex and by different injury types such as transport injuries, unintentional injuries, self-harm and interpersonal violence. Results The age-standardized injury death rate has decreased to 69.4; 95% UI: (63.0–76.9) from 90.11; 95% UI: (82.41–97.73) in 2017 as compared with 2007. Road injury, falls, self-harm and interpersonal violence were the leading causes of mortality from injuries occurring in 2017. The age-standardized injury DALYs rate has decreased to 3328.2; 95% UI: (2981.7-3707.8) from 4265.55; 95% UI: (3898.11–4673.64) in 2017 as compared with 2007. The number of deaths resulting from injuries in 2017 was highest for males, children under 5 years, people aged 15–24. Conclusion The current age-standardized death rate and DALYs from injuries is high and the observed annual reduction is not satisfactory. There is a difference in gender and age regarding the number of deaths resulting from injuries. The data indicates that the current national efforts to address the public health impact of injuries in Ethiopia are not sufficient enough to bring a marked reduction. As a result, a more holistic approach to address all injuries is recommended in Ethiopia.
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