The existing plantar pressure collection system can not provide accurate and quantitative data for the lower extremity motor function assessment of patients wearing orthoses, and can not reflect the changes of plantar support point pressure during rehabilitation walking in pronation. In this paper, an integrated intelligent ankle-foot orthosis based on plantar pressure sensor is designed. Four thin film pressure sensors are used to collect pressure values in different areas of the plantar when patients wear the orthosis and walk, and a linear voltage conversion module is used to convert resistance signals into voltage signals. Hi3861 single chip microcomputer is used for A/D conversion and data is uploaded to the terminal through WiFi function to monitor and store data, so as to solve the problem that patients cannot provide continuous rehabilitation data during follow-up visits. In order to verify the reliability of the system, the plantar pressure data of different walks in different cycles were collected. The analysis found that after the patients wore the intelligent ankle-foot orthoses, the pressure of the first metatarsal bone in the percentage of body weight increased, the pressure of the fifth metatarsal bone decreased, and the plantar load distribution tended to be normal. The designed device could also be used for human gait analysis of the patients with pronation.
Purpose or ObjectiveCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are detectable in many cancers, including breast and lung cancer, where they can have prognostic significance.However, because of the lack of a suitable detection method, there are no useful data on CTCs in patients undergoing radiotherapy.The only US Food and Drug Administration-approved methodology, the CellSearch platform, uses epithelial cellular adhesion molecule EpCAM, exploiting the positivity of carcinomas to common epithelial markers.The monitoring of CTCs under chemotherapy showed a correlation of persistent CTCs and shorter survival in breast cancer.This indicates stronger defense mechanisms in the remaining CTCs.More efficient DNA repair capacity could contribute to such stronger resistance.The aim of this study is to identify relevant DNA damage response pathways in CTCs and peripheral blood lymphocytes under radiotherapy and their possible implications for the adjustment of future therapies. Material and MethodsUp to now 47 patients with brain metastases of breast and lung cancer (n=21/26) receiving radiotherapy were included in the study.Blood samples were collected before, at the end of radiotherapy and at the first followup (87 blood samples so far).The number of CTCs at the first follow-up was compared with clinical treatment response (e.g.MRI/CT and performance status).Enumeration and characterization of CTCs were done using the CellSearch®system.Apoptosis was measured in CTCs (in vivo irradiation) with the help of the M30 antibody in the CellSearch®system and DNA damage repair analyzed by yH2AX and 53BP1 foci detection was analyzed in primary lymphocytes (ex vivo irradiation). ResultsCTCs were detectable in 19% of lung cancer and 38% of breast cancer patients with brain metastases before start of radiotherapy.Quantitative changes in the number of CTCs under local radiotherapy were measurable in all patients.In the lung cancer group, 40% of patients showed an increase of CTCs after irradiation.This percentage was much higher in the breast cancer group with 75%.To specify whether the observed increase in number was due to vital or lethal CTCs an apoptotic marker (M30) was stained in addition in the same samples.In 82% the increase in CTC number was accompanied by apoptosis.After correction for this the number of vital CTCs decreased, indicating treatment response.This is mirrored by the clinical follow up via MRI/CT (evaluation under way) after different radiation schedules (whole brain vs. stereotactic treatment).The same treatment response was detectable in the DNA-damage response assessment parameters. ConclusionThe results indicate that monitoring DNA repair in CTCs and primary lymphocytes is already showing promising potential for judging treatment response after radiotherapy in the metastatic state of disease.The increase in apoptotic cells under radiotherapy suggests ineffective DNA repair and thus a local response to therapy.On the other hand, if persistent CTCs are present, this indicates efficient DNA repair and a poor prognosis.
Abstract Addressing the issue of over-grinding on the outer side of right-angle bends in abrasive flow machining due to the gradient change of abrasive inertia force, a model for predicting material removal and an optimized structure for right-angle bends, both based on abrasive flow machining, are proposed. In this paper, the 3D-printed aluminium alloy right-angle bends are used as experimental objects, and the Carreau-Yasuda equations are fitted for simulation and analysis after rheological testing of the medium used in the test. A predictive model for material removal was developed by integrating simulated channel pressure with machining cycles, and its effectiveness was validated through experiments. Using this predictive model for structural optimization of bends, an unevenly thickened optimized right-angle bend was designed. The machining tests verified the accuracy of the simulation analysis, and the over-grinding region of the right-angle bend appeared at the maximum of the pressure region in the numerical simulation. At a processing pressure of 10 MPa and cycles of 20, 60, and 100, the prediction model resulted in material removal errors of 6.94%, 8.93%, and 13.31% respectively for the outer side of the bend, indicating a good fit of the prediction model. The optimized bend designed according to the predictive model exhibited an 80.37% reduction in overall deviation at the elbow compared to conventional right-angle bends, and a 67.31% reduction in contour deviation at the area most affected by inertia forces, effectively mitigating the issue of over-grinding at the elbow. This research facilitates quantitative control of material removal in abrasive flow machining of right-angle bends and provides theoretical support for non-uniform thickness design in bends.
According to the orthopedic principle based on the three-point force system, this study aimed to reveal the orthopedic effect and patterns of the orthopedic based on this system in 3 patients with strephenopodia through the weight-bearing stance phase experiment and numerical simulation analysis of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs). After the correction with AFOs, Under the pressure tolerance of human skin, different three correction forces were applied to the medial heel, above the medial ankle, below the lateral ankle and the first metatarsal bone,the weight-bearing region of the affected foot gradually shifted to the normal region of the first metatarsal bone, the fifth metatarsal bone, and the heel. The weight-bearing capacity of the affected foot increased by 11.4%. After the three-point force was adjusted for the AFO, the distribution of the plantar weight-bearing region became more uniform, and the supporting force of the affected foot increased significantly, the weight-bearing capacity of the affected foot increased to 15.19%, which approached the theoretical value. When the three-point force of was over-adjusted to exceed the pain threshold, the weight-bearing capacity of the affected foot decreased by 2.79% compared with the theoretical value. It was confirmed that the foot varus angle was attenuated significantly 8 weeks after the orthopedic with three-point force system. Further, the strephenopodia with 10° was corrected with the finite element method based on the three-point force principle, and orthopedic angle and the plantar weight-bearing region before and after the correction were also obtained, The visualization of orthopedic effects and the orthotic principle is clear contributes to clinicians provide important scientific reference for the formulation of scientific and accurate orthopedic regimens.Level of Clinical Evidence 4 Retrospective Cohort Study
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