Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, called for 2012 to be the 'year of prevention'. He went on to note: 'Prevention does not mean looking the other way in times of crisis, vainly hoping that things will get better...' These comments supported a newly adopted international norm - Responsibility to Protect, otherwise known as R2P. It's a new approach to addressing conflict allegedly applied with success in Libya in 2011.
Today we are witnessing massive turbulence in the Middle East. Millions of innocent Iraqis, Syrians, Yemenis and Libyans are being displaced and killed. The most notorious violent organisation, ISI...
This paper investigates an important example of national identity formation in the Arab world and the role played by education and historiography. In Lebanon, like other states in the Middle East that became independent of colonial rule, a new form of national identity gradually developed following independence. Conflicting notions of national identity arose which resulted in a form of neo-traditionalism whereby political identities remained fluid and under-developed. Instead of developing a post-national decolonised identity, a debilitating and destabilising paradigm emerged, leading to the failure of decolonisation. By examining the failures of the construction of post-independence national identity, the paper will argue that these factors have led to instability and an overall crisis of legitimacy in Lebanon. By analysing these failures, recommendations are made to emphasise the importance of the role of history in education and how it may contribute to reconciliation and nation-building through civic participation.
Abstract : This report consists of a literature review and analysis of the existing research concerning countering violent extremism. This multifaceted report demonstrates the complexity of understanding Violent Extremism and best strategies to Countering Violent Extremism. This has been undertaken with the broader analysis of radicalisation and social cohesion theories, models and government policies and how they may impact on or contribute to best practice and policy in countering violent extremism.
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