Monechma ciliatum methanolic extract (MCME) obtained from Monechma ciliatum seedcake showed high total phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. The regulatory effects of MCME at 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were investigated in human HepG2 cell line using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LDLR mRNA level was increased significantly by 1.4, 2.6 and 4.3 fold in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. Whereas, HMGCR mRNA level was decreased significantly by 38, 63 and 80% in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The effect of MCME was concentration dependent, and different doses showed significant differences in regulation of both LDLR and HMGCR genes. The present study showed that MCME effectively regulated the expression of LDLR and HMGCR genes influencing the cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells. Keywords : Antioxidant activity, s-carotene-linoleic acid assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gene expression, low density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, Monechma ciliatum . African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5813-5819, 6 September, 2010
This study was conducted at College of Agricultural studies, Sudan university of Science and Technology Farm to evaluate the residual effect of the recommended dose of Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, and Sevin, a carbamate insecticide on the dry weight and length of radish. The results showed that, the recommended dose of Sevin has positively affected both variables; the average length and weight of the treated plants were 5.2 cm and 13.2g higher than their counterpart values of the control, respectively. However, when an over dose was administered it negatively affected both variables; the average length and weight of the treated plants were decreased by 6.6 cm and 26.9 g, respectively. On the other hand, the recommended dose of Malathion adversely affected the weight and length of radish. The average lengths of the treated plants were decreased by 6.6 cm and 26.9 g, respectively. Similary, the recommended dose of Malathion adversely affected the weight and length of radish. The average length of the treated plants was 11.7 cm shorter than that; of control where as the average weight was 7.9 g lighter than the control. Compared with control, the average length and the weight of the treated plants were reduced by 20 cm and 17.2g, respectively. Being a key component of the chemical structure of Sevin as well as a crucial element in soil fertility, the nitrogen seemed to have played a major role in the favorable results obtained the by recommended dose of Sevin or opposed to those of Malathion.
Cucurbit seeds including Lagenaria siceraria seeds have been used from early times as a source of food. The protein constitutes about thirty-five percent of the weight of the decorticated seeds. Isolates are defined as the kind of protein that forms with a high concentration of protein that contains no dietary fiber. This study aims to investigate the preparation of protein isolated from Lagenaria siceraria defatted seed flour and to study their physicochemical properties. Protein was isolated from seed flours by using distilled water, salt solution, an alkaline solution, then precipitated with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid followed by centrifugation and freeze-drying. The findings reflected a high protein content (ranged from 80.67-91.04 g 100g-1) with the absence of fats. The functional properties of the protein isolate are said to be acceptable exhibiting a considerable range for all examined properties, water holding capacity 2.4-3.9 mL g-1 protein, fat binding ability 2.7-3.7 mL g-1 protein, emulsion capacity 51.0-57.8 mL of oil per g of protein, and bulk density 0.39-0.56 g mL-1, for all samples. The results of foaming stability indicated that the seeds were possibly utilized in food applications such as beverages and cakes processing. The maximum protein solubility (95%) occurred at the alkaline range pH 10 and11. The SDS page test detected that the three major polypeptides are those with molecular weights 10, 23, and 38 KDa. This study is the first to take place on the protein isolation from eight Lagenaria siceraria defatted seeds grown in Sudan, opening the way for further studies on these seeds
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