Emily Robertson

Florida International University

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Paul J. Frick

Louisiana State University

James V. Ray

University of Central Florida

Elizabeth Cauffman

University of California, Irvine

Laura C. Thornton

Abt Global (United States)

Laurence Steinberg

Temple University

Tina D. Wall Myers

Louisiana State Department of Health and Hospitals

Erin P. Vaughan

Louisiana State University

Toni M. Walker

Louisiana State University

Madhav A. Karunakar

Carolinas Medical Center

Patrick F. Bergin

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Cooperative Institutions

University of Maryland, Baltimore

126

McMaster University

112

Hamilton Health Sciences

Population Health Research Institute

Orthopaedic Trauma Association

Prisma Health

Harvard University

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Florida International University

Massachusetts General Hospital

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Managing work flow in high enrolling trials: The development and implementation of a sampling strategy in the PREPARE trial

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications (2021)

David Pogorzelski Uyen Nguyen Paula McKay Lehana Thabane Megan Camara

Pragmatic trials in comparative effectiveness research assess the effects of different treatment, therapeutic, or healthcare options in clinical practice. They are characterized by broad eligibility criteria and large sample sizes, which can lead to an unmanageable number of participants, increasing the risk of bias and affecting the integrity of the trial. We describe the development of a sampling strategy tool and its use in the PREPARE trial to circumvent the challenge of unmanageable work flow.Given the broad eligibility criteria and high fracture volume at participating clinical sites in the PREPARE trial, a pragmatic sampling strategy was needed. Using data from PREPARE, descriptive statistics were used to describe the use of the sampling strategy across clinical sites. A Chi-square test was performed to explore whether use of the sampling strategy was associated with a reduction in the number of missed eligible patients.7 of 20 clinical sites (35%) elected to adopt a sampling strategy. There were 1539 patients excluded due to the use of the sampling strategy, which represents 30% of all excluded patients and 20% of all patients screened for participation. Use of the sampling strategy was associated with lower odds of missed eligible patients (297/4545 (6.5%) versus 341/3200 (10.7%) p < 0.001).Implementing a sampling strategy in the PREPARE trial has helped to limit the number of missed eligible patients. This sampling strategy represents a simple, easy to use tool for managing work flow at clinical sites and maintaining the integrity of a large trial.

Odds

Patient recruitment

10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100730

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Remembering Tom Green

BRILL eBooks (2008)

Emily Robertson

10.1163/9789087902889_027

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Proactive and reactive aggression: Developmental trajectories and longitudinal associations with callous–unemotional traits, impulsivity, and internalizing emotions

Development and Psychopathology (2023)

Erin P. Vaughan Julianne S. Speck Paul J. Frick Toni M. Walker Emily Robertson

Research on proactive and reactive aggression has identified covariates unique to each function of aggression, but hypothesized correlates have often not been tested with consideration of developmental changes in or the overlap between the types of aggression. The present study examines the unique developmental trajectories of proactive and reactive aggression over adolescence and young adulthood and tests these trajectories' associations with key covariates: callous-unemotional (CU) traits, impulsivity, and internalizing emotions. In a sample of 1,211 justice-involved males (ages 15-22), quadratic growth models (i.e., intercepts, linear slopes, and quadratic slopes) of each type of aggression were regressed onto quadratic growth models of the covariates while controlling for the other type of aggression. After accounting for the level of reactive aggression, the level of proactive aggression was predicted by the level of CU traits. However, change in proactive aggression over time was not related to the change in any covariates. After accounting for proactive aggression, reactive aggression was predicted by impulsivity, both at the initial level and in change over time. Results support that proactive and reactive aggression are unique constructs with separate developmental trajectories and distinct covariates.

10.1017/s0954579423000317

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Do callous–unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior?

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (2020)

Emily Robertson Paul J. Frick James V. Ray Laura C. Thornton Tina D. Wall Myers

Research suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent's adjustment. The current study sought to replicate past research showing that formal processing through the juvenile justice system increases recidivism and tested the novel hypothesis that CU traits would moderate the relationship between processing decision and future antisocial behavior.A diverse sample of first-time male offenders (N = 1,216; M age = 15.12, SD = 1.29) in three regions of the United States was assessed within 6 weeks of their first arrest and then at 6-month intervals for 36 months.Compared to those who were informally processed (i.e., diverted), adolescents formally processed through the court were at a higher risk of self-reported offending and rearrests as measured by official records, after controlling for preexisting risk factors. However, baseline CU traits moderated this association such that those with high CU traits reported offending at high rates across the subsequent three years regardless of how the juvenile justice system processed their case.CU traits are important to psychiatric classification for designating a subgroup of antisocial youth who may respond differently to contextual influences, including being less susceptible to the negative effects of juvenile justice system involvement. The public health significance of this moderation is significant by suggesting that previous estimates of the harmful impact of formal processing by the juvenile justice system may underestimate its impact, given that the majority of arrested adolescents have normative levels of CU traits.

Moderation

Recidivism

Conduct disorder

10.1111/jcpp.13266

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Transcriptomic profiling of Forkhead box transcription factors in adult glioblastoma multiforme.

PubMed (2015)

Emily Robertson Christina J. Perry Rachel Doherty Srinivasan Madhusudan

The Forkhead box transcription factor (FOX) family plays an essential role in embryogenesis, especially during brain development. Our hypothesis is that de-regulation of FOX genes may contribute to aggressive tumor biology and therapy resistance in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic significance of transcript levels of 31 FOX genes in a test set of GBM patients (n=191) and validated them in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort comprising of 508 adult cases of GBM. The predictive significance of key FOX genes was investigated in patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy.Low FOXA2 mRNA, low FOXN2 mRNA, low FOXN3 mRNA and high FOXG1 mRNA were associated with poor survival in the test and TCGA validation cohorts. In multivariate analysis, low FOXA2 mRNA, low FOXN2 mRNA, low FOXN3 mRNA and high FOXG1 mRNA remained independently associated with poor survival in the test and TCGA validation cohorts. In patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy, low FOXA2 mRNA, low FOXN2 mRNA and high FOXG1 mRNA correlated with adverse outcomes in the TCGA validation cohort.To our knowledge, our data provide the first comprehensive clinical evidence that FOXA2, FOXN2, FOXN3 and FOXG1 are promising biomarkers of GBM and warrant further investigation.

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The bidirectional effects of antisocial behavior, anxiety, and trauma exposure: Implications for our understanding of the development of callous–unemotional traits.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science (2023)

Emily Robertson James V. Ray Paul J. Frick Erin P. Vaughan Laura C. Thornton

The association of anxiety and trauma with antisocial behavior in children and adolescents has long been the focus of research, and more recently this area of research has become critical to theories of the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Research suggests those with elevated CU traits and anxiety (i.e., secondary CU variant) seem to show more severe externalizing behaviors and are more likely to show histories of trauma, compared to those with elevated CU and low anxiety (i.e., primary CU variant). These findings have typically been interpreted as being indicative of distinct etiological pathways to the development of CU traits. We test an alternative explanation that the higher rates of anxiety and trauma exposure in some youth with elevated CU traits are largely a consequence of their higher levels of antisocial behavior. The current study recruited a sample of 1,216 justice-involved adolescents (Mage = 15.28, SD = 1.28) from three distinct regions of the United States, who were assessed at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 60 months following their first arrest. Using random-intercept cross-lagged models, both antisocial behavior and CU traits predicted changes in future anxiety and CU traits predicted increases in future victimization. Further, using longitudinal parallel mediation models, antisocial and aggressive behavior largely accounted for the predictive association between CU traits and anxiety and CU traits and victimization. These results support a model in which anxiety and trauma histories may be a marker of the severity of antisocial behavior displayed by youth with elevated CU traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal Study

Association (psychology)

10.1037/abn0000815

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Staged Surgical Approach of Neonates with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula from Low and Middle Income Countries

Research Square (Research Square) (2022)

Hae Sung Kang Samuel Kraus Emily Robertson David A. Lanning

Abstract BackgroundNeonates born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) often do not have access to adequate surgical care. We have partnered with the non-profit organization World Pediatric Project (WPP) to facilitate care for such patients. MethodsThis was a retrospective review of the patients (n=9) in this program. Our protocol included placement of a gastrostomy tube by local surgeons before definitive repair at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU (CHoR). The outcomes included: demographics, length of stay, complications, mortality, and nutritional status. ResultsThe median age at the time of admission to CHoR and at the time of surgery were 3.1 weeks [1.1 – 21.1] and 5.9 weeks [3.4 – 22], respectively. All the patients had a successful primary repair of the EA and TEF without postoperative mortality. As a result, every patient is now on regular PO diet by mouth without TPN dependence. Every patient has been seen in follow up in the U.S. and their home country. ConclusionWe provided successful multidisciplinary care for neonates with EA and TEF from LMICs in partnership with WPP, which has provided essential support to identify and manage these patients.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Demographics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1774152/v1

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A preliminary analysis of parent-child interaction therapy plus natural helper support to increase treatment access and engagement for low-income families of color

Children and Youth Services Review (2022)

Eileen Davis Dainelys Garcia W. Andrew Rothenberg Miya L. Barnett Bridget Davidson

Attendance

Parent training

10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106370

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Implementing stakeholder engagement to explore alternative models of consent: An example from the PREP-IT trials

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications (2021)

Guillermo Pechero Branden Pfaff Mayank Rao David Pogorzelski Paula McKay

Cluster randomized crossover trials are often faced with a dilemma when selecting an optimal model of consent, as the traditional model of obtaining informed consent from participant's before initiating any trial related activities may not be suitable. We describe our experience of engaging patient advisors to identify an optimal model of consent for the PREP-IT trials. This paper also examines surrogate measures of success for the selected model of consent.The PREP-IT program consists of two multi-center cluster randomized crossover trials that engaged patient advisors to determine an optimal model of consent. Patient advisors and stakeholders met regularly and reached consensus on decisions related to the trial design including the model for consent. Patient advisors provided valuable insight on how key decisions on trial design and conduct would be received by participants and the impact these decisions will have.Patient advisors, together with stakeholders, reviewed the pros and cons and the requirements for the traditional model of consent, deferred consent, and waiver of consent. Collectively, they agreed upon a deferred consent model, in which patients may be approached for consent after their fracture surgery and prior to data collection. The consent rate in PREP-IT is 80.7%, and 0.67% of participants have withdrawn consent for participation.Involvement of patient advisors in the development of an optimal model of consent has been successful. Engagement of patient advisors is recommended for other large trials where the traditional model of consent may not be optimal.

Waiver

10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100787

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Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Psychopathy: A Comprehensive Review

European Psychologist (2020)

Emily Robertson Toni M. Walker Paul J. Frick

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the physical, sexual, and psychological abuse of an intimate partner and is a widespread, international public health crisis. An important proximate risk factor for IPV perpetration is the presence of psychopathic traits but there has not been a systematic review of the research linking psychopathic traits to IPV perpetration. We identified 43 studies using 13,476 participants (9,024 men and 4,452 women) across 10 countries that met our search criteria that led to the following conclusions. First, psychopathy was associated with IPV perpetration with medium effect sizes, even after accounting for various distal and proximate risk factors. Second, the different dimensions of psychopathy did not consistently differ in their prediction of IPV perpetration. Third, within individuals with a history of IPV perpetration, psychopathy did not relate to the frequency or severity of partner violence. Fourth, a few studies have tested the associations among child abuse, psychopathy, and IPV, with one study reporting that the combination of child abuse and psychopathic traits led to especially high risk for IPV perpetration. Lastly, we conclude by making recommendations for how future research and interventions should consider psychopathy to reduce the societal burden of IPV.

10.1027/1016-9040/a000397

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