Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that may virtually affect every organ in the body. It is characterized by the production of a variety of autoantibodies. Haematological manifestations of SLE are diverse. Anemia is the major haematologic manifestations of SLE .
Objectives: To determine the various RBC parameters in patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus . Design: Prospective, cross sectional.
Place and duration of study: Department of Haematology, PGMI/Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from May 2011 to April 2012.
Patients and Methods: Seventy five diagnosed cases of SLE fulfilling the inclusion criteria presenting to the medical in- and out-patient departments of Shaikh Zayed Medical complex Lahore, were included in the study. Written informed consent was taken. Patients were investigated in Haematology Laboratory, Shaikh Zayed Medical complex, Lahore. All collected information was entered into SPSS version 17.0 and analyzed using its statistical package.
Results: There were 65 (86.7%) females and 10 (13.3%) male patients. Female to male ratio was 6.5:1. Age ranged from 15 to 65 years (Mean age 29.49±11.7 years). Anemia was seen in 74 patients (98.67%). Mean Hb was 8.45±1.95 g/dl (range 4.2-13.0 g/dl). Mean RBC count was 3.45x1012±0.93/l (range 1.15-5.52x1012/l. Mean Hematocrit was 26.92±7.17% (range 12.19-43.27%).Value of MCV ranged from 51-115fl (mean MCV 78.5±9.98 fl). Similarly mean MCH was 25.19±4.19pg (range 14.7-44.7 pg), while mean MCHC came out to be 31.6±2.53g/dl (range 26-42g/dl) .
Conclusion: All RBC parameters were disturbed to a variable range in patients with SLE in the study cases. Complete haematological examination should be carried out in every patient of SLE in early course of the disease for proper management and prevention of morbidity associated with anemia.
Objectives: To determine the correlation of red cell distribution width (RDW) with severity of cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, over a period of one year from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 150 participants were included in the study consisting of 75 patients of cardiovascular disease in case group and 75 participants without any cardiovascular disease in control group. All patients in the study underwent trans radial or transfemoral rout coronary angiography using 5F optitorque catheter for trans radial rout or 6F Judkins catheters for transfemoral rout. All the patient had angiography within 24 hours of admission in the hospital. Results: The patients who were diagnosed with Coronary artery Disease (CAD) had significantly higher mean age (51.45 ± 11.29 years) as compared (44.56 ± 9.45 years) to group B without out CAD. There were 53 (70.67%) males in group A, and 42 (56%) males in group B. The rate of hypertension (61.33%) was significantly higher among patient who diagnosed with CAD. The mean value of RDW CV was found significantly (p-value < 0.05) raised among patients of CAD (14.36 ± 1.02vs. 13.52 ± 0.89). The RDW SD was also significantly higher in group A (43.67 ± 4.39 vs. 41.65 ± 3.46, p-value = 0.002) in comparison to group B. Age and male gender were found to be a significant (p-value < 0.05) contributor for CVD with an odds ratio of 1.18 and 3 respectively. Conclusion: RDW is an effective easily available marker for the assessment of severity of coronary artery disease and helps in risk stratification of CAD patients for further events.
Water pollution by the textile industry is an emerging issue. Textile industry is the major industrial sector which contributes to water pollution. Textile industry releases a huge amount of unfixed dyes in wastewater effluents. About 20% of the dye production all over the world is discharged as waste in industrial effluents by textile industry. These dyes are highly stable and colored substances which disturb the aqueous ecosystem significantly. Therefore, there is a need for methods to remove organic dyes from textile industrial effluents. Photo catalysis and catalytic wet oxidation are best practices for degradation of dyes in wastewater. In photo catalysis, the dye molecules can be completely degraded into inorganic non-toxic compounds by irradiation of the dye solution under visible or ultraviolet light in the presence of semiconductor metal-oxide photo catalysts. In catalytic wet oxidation, various metal-based catalysts in supported or unsupported form can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for degradation of dyes in the presence of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. These processes have several preferences like easy separation of the catalyst from reaction mixture and recycling of the catalyst.
Oil-water emulsion separation is a complicated task and recently oil-water spills made it crucial to find a solution to resolve this unfavorable environmental concern. Membrane separation is economical, environmentally safe, and operationally feasible separation process among different methods adopted so far. Keeping this in view neat polysulfone and manganese oxide silica composite membrane were synthesized. The prepared Mn3O4, mesoporous silica, Mn3O4@SiO2, neat and fabricated PSF membranes were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetry, tunneling electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The solvent content, porosity, surface behavior, thermal, and mechanical properties of the membranes were also studied. The increase in the concentration of nanofiller increases the solvent interaction, porosity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Amongst all 5 wt.% composite membrane have greater oil/water separation capacity due to greater amount of nanofiller and high porosity. Facile tuning of properties during fabrication process makes these composite membranes a potential candidate to address the oil/water pollution problem of important environmental concern.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
This manuscript provides insights into the solubilization of two direct dyes, direct green 6 (DG-6) and direct yellow 44 (DY-44), in different surfactant systems. It reports the interaction and applicability of surfactants to elevate the solubility of direct dyes in aqueous medium. Different combinations of cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween-20) have been employed for said purpose. Inclusion of nonionic surfactants to micellar media of ionic ones enhances space within micelle to accommodate more solubilizate within it. Conductometric and spectroscopic measurements were applied for investigating the interaction of dyes in these surfactant solutions. The properties of surfactants, their behavior in aqueous systems, and thermodynamics have been evaluated in terms of critical micelle concentration (CMC), and change in Gibbs energy (ΔGm), enthalpy (ΔHm), and entropy (ΔSm) of micellization. While the solubilization capability of different surfactant systems was explored with the help of binding (ΔKb) and partition (ΔKx) parameters. Moreover, the stability of the process has been revealed by calculating the Gibbs energies of binding (ΔGb) and partition (ΔGp). The results revealed that mixed surfactants are more suitable agents for the solubilization of dyes. It was also observed that the partition of dye molecules is greatly dependent on their interaction with the surfactant molecules. This study will provide the basis for choosing the suitable surfactant system to be used in various surfactant-based dye removal techniques.
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