C K Narayanappa

Visvesvaraya Technological University

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S L Gangadharaiah

M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

Rashmi Priyadarshini

Sharda University

Basavaraj V. Hiremath

M.S. Ramaiah Medical College

Divya Muddenahalli Narasimhaiah

REVA University

Bala Chakravarthy Neelapu

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Anand Jatti

R.V. College of Engineering

Divya M. N

REVA University

M. Lakshminarayana

M.S. Ramaiah Medical College

B. Dhananjay

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

J. Sivaraman

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Cooperative Institutions

Visvesvaraya Technological University

M.S. Ramaiah Medical College

M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

REVA University

National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Oxford Dental College and Hospital

Christ University

Central Scientific Instruments Organisation

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

R.V. College of Engineering

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Power Optimized VLSI Architecture of Distributed Arithmetic Based Block LMS Adaptive Filter

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (2023)

Gangadharaiah S. L C K Narayanappa Divya M. N S Navaneet N Dushyant

In this paper, we are presenting a power-efficient Distributed Arithmetic (DA) based Block Least Mean Square (BLMS) Adaptive Digital Filter (ADF). The proposed DA BLMS architecture proposes a shared area-efficient Multiplier Accumulate Block that calculates both the partial filter products and the weight increment terms in the same module. It also uses Multiplexers (MUX) and Demultiplexers (DEMUX) which passes only L out of N inputs, where N and L are the filter length and chosen block size respectively, into the MAC thus helping in achieving the DA functionality along with reduced power consumption. Also, efficient truncation of the obtained error and weight update terms is performed by being able to select the non-zero-bit part of the signal to be fed back. The entire architecture is driven by a single slow clock which reduces the power consumption of the device further. On comparing with the best existing DA BLMS Structures, the proposed architecture uses 15% lesser power, 14% lesser EPS according to ASIC Synthesis, and for a filter length of N=16 and a block size of L=4 respectively.

Application-specific integrated circuit

10.37391/ijeer.110320

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Machine learning-based techniques for computer-aided diagnosis

Advances in computers (2024)

M. Lakshminarayana B. Dhananjay Basavaraj V. Hiremath C K Narayanappa Bala Chakravarthy Neelapu

10.1016/bs.adcom.2024.06.002

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Studies on relating to monitoring blood glucose levels using noninvasive optical methods

Lakshmi K Aishwarya R Rashmi Swetha Sadanand C K Narayanappa Nagaraj Sriram

According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), India has the largest number of diabetic patients of about 50.8 million and it can be expected that by 2030 it would rise to 89 million if current unhealthy lifestyle is continued. The current method which is widely used for measuring blood glucose levels involves needles for pricking which is painful and can cause discomfort to the patient. We aim at designing a cost-effective glucometer which non-invasively measures blood glucose level using optical methods with acceptable error. After comparison of different optical methods, Near Infrared (940nm) type of measurement in reflectance mode was selected. The device was calibrated using invasive values and regression analysis was carried out for error-reduction. Arduino UNO was used for programming to quantify the glucose levels according to different conditions.

10.1109/rteict.2017.8256972

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Citations (5)

Optics Based Biosensor for Medical Diagnosis

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2017)

Rashmi Priyadarshini C K Narayanappa C Veena

Biosensors have played a major role in diagnosis of various diseases and are also associated with detection of micro-organisms and other biological components.There are various types of biosensors available in the field, each having benefits one over the other.This paper explains the basic theory and operational setup of SPR based biosensors which are fast in their performances and are real time implemented.These plasmonic based biosensors includes waveguide arrangements along with a Au/Ag bimetallic enhancement concept.One of the benefits of coupling of light source with surface electrons will give raise to surface Plasmon which is very efficient in recognition of biomolecules without any external biomarkers.Placing a second metal layer above the dielectric layer as well as below, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide had been developed.These structures allow extremely high model confinement of light.Using this structure biological analysis of blood components have been performed and the resultant signature graphs are obtained in terms of resonant frequency and wavelengths.These numerical simulation outcome shows the resonance dips of the structure, high resonant transmission contrast ratio and the resonance wavelength has a linear relationship with the refractive index of dielectric material therefore the aperture..The numerical simulation results obtained from the transmission spectra are used to analyze the sensing characteristic of the structure.The sensitivity of the biosensor is also calculated.

10.14257/ijmue.2017.12.8.01

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FPGA based Optimized LMS Adaptive Filter using Distributed Arithmetic

Shivashankar Reddy B S L Gangadharaiah C K Narayanappa

In this paper an efficient VLSI architecture for LMS adaptive filter using distributed arithmetic is presented. DA is serial bit computation. Here, two separate look up tables are used to store possible filter partial product of input sample and filter coefficients, this is followed by access and summation of entries, with the idea of the proposed design. Offset binary coding technique is used to reduce the area complexity. The multiplexed LUTs are used to access the contents to improve the performance. Using LMS algorithm all the content of memory locations of LUT are recalculated based on samples and the contents of LUTs are updated based on proposed strategy. The design is simulated in Xilinx ISE and synthesized with Spartan-6 FPGA, XC6SLX45-2CSG324.

Lookup table

Finite impulse response

10.1109/rteict42901.2018.9012288

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Citations (3)

Binding Interaction Between Boronic Acid Derivatives with Monosaccharaides: Effect of Structural Change of Monosaccharaides Upon Binding Using S–V Plots

Macromolecular Symposia (2020)

P. Bhavya Raveendra Melavanki C K Narayanappa Raviraj Kusanur U. Meghana

Abstract Sugar sensing and continuous monitoring of glucose (CGM) play an important and vital role in controlling diabetes. The present enzyme‐based sugar sensors have their own drawbacks. Problems associated with them have encouraged alternate approaches to design new sensors. Among many, fluorescent intensity change based sensors are drawing more attention. Fluorescence sensors based on boronic acid derivatives are more popular because of their ability to reversibly bind diol‐containing compounds. Here, the binding ability of two boronic acid derivatives, namely 2‐methylphenyl boronic acid (B1) and 3‐methoxyphenyl boronic acid (B2) with mono saccharides (sugars), is under investigation. The sugar concentration is kept nearly 1000 times more than that of boronic acid. The interactions of B1 and B2 with three saccharides ( d ‐sorbitol, dextrose, and fructose) are studied by absorbance and steady‐state fluorescence. Both B1 and B2 fluorescence is quenched by formation of esters with saccharides. The results of absorbance and fluorescence measurements indicate that the studied sugars can be ordered by their affinity to B1 as: d ‐sorbitol > xylose > dextrose and for B2 as: dextrose > xylose > d ‐sorbitol. In each case, slope of modified S–V plots is nearly one indicating only a single binding site in boronic acids for sugars.

Boronic acid

Absorbance

Sugar acids

10.1002/masy.202000166

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Citations (7)

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics (2018)

Ravi Kumar Yelwala Basavaraju C K Narayanappa

An image can be represented in the form of patterns of intensities, with the objects of an image appearing in the form of a pattern on an X-Y plane. The two patterns of intensities of two corresponding facial images are measured by calculating the areas of right triangles formed from patterns in a Cartesian coordinate system. The purpose of representing patterns of intensities in the Cartesian coordinate system is to measure the percentage of similarities that exists between two facial images, similarities inherent in photographs. The percentage is measured by incorporating the proposed technique of areas that are common between two patterns of intensities. The pattern 1 produces areas of right triangles of a parent with respect to areas of right triangles of a child. The strategy of measuring the facial similarities between two patterns of intensities is dependent on the areas of pattern 1 that have commonalities with the areas of pattern 2. This helps in the measuring of the facial similarities between two patterns of intensities. The proposed method has yielded results of 71.3, 77.1, 71.3, and 70.5 percent of similarity on the dataset KinfaceW-I and 80.7, 82.1, 80.6, 81.1 on the dataset KinfaceW-II.

Similarity (geometry)

10.20965/jaciii.2018.p0323

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The Study of Bacillus Cereus on a Photonic Crystal Biosensor

International Journal of Engineering & Technology (2018)

Rashmi Priyadarshini C K Narayanappa

The work involves the study of bacteria named bacillus cereus which is a type of pathogen that causes infections in the blood. This infection of the blood may lead to many more complications that may lead to life threatening. Hence immediate diagnosis becomes an important criteria. B. Cereus is a gram positive and hemolytic bacteria no matter where ever it is extracted from, it requires biomarker to make it recognised and hence the wavelength and refractive index will remain same. The paper includes the study of the presence of B. cereus in the blood with the knowledge of the refractive index of the bacteria with the aid of an photonic crystal nano sized biosensor. The sensor works on the principle of minute changes in the value of the given refractive index value. Namely here the blood samples with the presence of B. cereus and the normal blood sample. The simulation is done where in the design is excited with a Gaussian pulse source with the amplitude differences in wavelength of the two blood samples are observed/. The sensitivity was found to be 5.987µm /RIU and the Quality factor is given by 1692.2.

Cereus

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.4.16780

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Citations (2)

Automatic Detection of Sleep Stages Using Deep Learning Algorithm

Prakruthi Manjunatha Vibha Chaithanya Rangappa Abhishek Varati C K Narayanappa

Sleep plays a vital role in an individual's life, it enables proper cognitive and behavioral functions. An insufficient amount of sleep can lead to serious repercussions. Sleep disorders adversely affect a person's lifestyle and poses added risk of disorders such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke, mood disorders, weight gain and obesity. Manual sleep staging and analysis is burdensome and time consuming, hence automatic sleep staging is required. Sleep is classified into various stages (Awake, N1, N2, N3 and REM). The aim of this paper is to survey the progress and challenges in various existing Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal-based methods used for sleep staging in an attempt to find the research gaps and possibly introduce a reasonable solution. Thus, in this paper, a novel and efficient technique to identify sleep stages using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), CNN + LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) methods applied to 30s epochs of single-channel Fpz-Cz channels. In this study, the PhysioNet sleep cassette study data is used in European Data Format (EDF) Database was used. The proposed methodology achieves accuracy:84.19%, MF1:76.76% respectively.

Sleep

Sleep Stages

Affect

10.1109/i4c57141.2022.10057685

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Citations (3)

FPGA Implementation of Efficient VLSI Architecture of DLMS Adaptive Filter Algorithm

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) (2021)

C K Narayanappa Nuthan Prasad Divya M. N Anirudha Rao

In this Paper, an efficient implementation of the direct form of the least mean square (LMS) adaptive filteralgorithm is proposed. The conventional multiplier hinders the speed of the delayed LMS (DLMS) algorithm;hence latest high speed Vedic Multiplier is used for its high convergence rate, further, the Vedic Multiplier isexplored for reducing the number of logic levels and timing levels, and possible reduction in logic delay. Theefficient adders are used in digital signal processing applications to reduce the power requirement, area anddelay. Vedic Multiplier and different adders (such as carry-increment, carry-look ahead, carry-select, ripplecarryand carry-skip adder) used to implement the DLMS algorithm are compared (a) with ripple-carry adderand vedic multiplier, (b) with vedic multiplier and carry-look ahead adder, (c) with Vedic multiplier and carryskipadder, (d) with Vedic multiplier and carry-increment adder, with (e) Vedic multiplier and carry-selectadder based on their delay. Xilinx ISE is used for simulation and synthesis of the design with Spartan-6 FPGA,XC6SLX4-2TQG144.

Carry (investment)

Booth's multiplication algorithm

Carry-save adder

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Citations (1)