H. Martínez-Huerta

University of Monterrey

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H. A. Ayala Solares

Pennsylvania State University

K. S. Caballero‐Mora

Autonomous University of Chiapas

S. BenZvi

University of Rochester

M. Mostafá

Pennsylvania State University

J. A. Goodman

University of Maryland, College Park

L. Nellen

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

E. Moreno

Universidade São Judas Tadeu

J. A. García-González

Tecnológico de Monterrey

E. Ruiz-Velasco

Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules

C. D. Rho

Sungkyunkwan University

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

966

Clark Atlanta University

636

University of Alaska Anchorage

634

Providence College

601

The University of Texas at Arlington

598

Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

589

California Institute of Technology

376

Campbell Collaboration

374

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

363

Université Paris Cité

359

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Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC

The Astrophysical Journal (2019)

A. U. Abeysekara A. Albert R. Alfaro C. Álvarez J. D. Álvarez

Abstract We present TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard reference source in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. In this analysis we use two independent energy estimation methods that utilize extensive air shower variables such as the core position, shower angle, and shower lateral energy distribution. In contrast, the previously published HAWC energy spectrum roughly estimated the shower energy with only the number of photomultipliers triggered. This new methodology yields a much-improved energy resolution over the previous analysis and extends HAWC’s ability to accurately measure gamma-ray energies well beyond 100 TeV. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula is well fit to a log-parabola shape with emission up to at least 100 TeV. For the first estimator, a ground parameter that utilizes fits to the lateral distribution function to measure the charge density 40 m from the shower axis, the best-fit values are (TeV cm 2 s) −1 , , and . For the second estimator, a neural network that uses the charge distribution in annuli around the core and other variables, these values are (TeV cm 2 s) −1 , , and β = 0.06 ± 0.01 ± 0.02. The first set of uncertainties is statistical; the second set is systematic. Both methods yield compatible results. These measurements are the highest-energy observation of a gamma-ray source to date.

Crab Nebula

10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f7d

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Citations (161)

Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

K. Engel Tiffany R. Lewis Marco Stein Muzio Tonia M. Venters M. Ahlers

The last decade has brought about a profound transformation in multimessenger science. Ten years ago, facilities had been built or were under construction that would eventually discover the nature of objects in our universe could be detected through multiple messengers. Nonetheless, multimessenger science was hardly more than a dream. The rewards for our foresight were finally realized through IceCube's discovery of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, the first observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, and the first joint detections in gravitational waves and photons and in neutrinos and photons. Today we live in the dawn of the multimessenger era. The successes of the multimessenger campaigns of the last decade have pushed multimessenger science to the forefront of priority science areas in both the particle physics and the astrophysics communities. Multimessenger science provides new methods of testing fundamental theories about the nature of matter and energy, particularly in conditions that are not reproducible on Earth. This white paper will present the science and facilities that will provide opportunities for the particle physics community renew its commitment and maintain its leadership in multimessenger science.

White paper

10.48550/arxiv.2203.10074

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Citations (9)

VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Sources Discovered by HAWC in the 2HWC Catalog

The Astrophysical Journal (2018)

A. U. Abeysekara A. Archer W. Benbow R. Bird Robert Brose

Abstract The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration recently published their 2HWC catalog, listing 39 very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of observation. Among these, 19 sources are not associated with previously known teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray sources. We have studied 14 of these sources without known counterparts with VERITAS and Fermi -LAT. VERITAS detected weak gamma-ray emission in the 1 TeV–30 TeV band in the region of DA 495, a pulsar wind nebula coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294, confirming the discovery of the source by HAWC. We did not find any counterpart for the selected 14 new HAWC sources from our analysis of Fermi -LAT data for energies higher than 10 GeV. During the search, we detected gigaelectronvolt (GeV) gamma-ray emission coincident with a known TeV pulsar wind nebula, SNR G54.1+0.3 (VER J1930+188), and a 2HWC source, 2HWC J1930+188. The fluxes for isolated, steady sources in the 2HWC catalog are generally in good agreement with those measured by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. However, the VERITAS fluxes for SNR G54.1+0.3, DA 495, and TeV J2032+4130 are lower than those measured by HAWC, and several new HAWC sources are not detected by VERITAS. This is likely due to a change in spectral shape, source extension, or the influence of diffuse emission in the source region.

Pulsar wind nebula

Crab Nebula

Astroparticle physics

10.3847/1538-4357/aade4e

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Citations (18)

Constraining the p¯/p ratio in TeV cosmic rays with observations of the Moon shadow by HAWC

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2018)

A. U. Abeysekara A. Albert R. Alfaro C. Álvarez J. D. Álvarez

An indirect measurement of the antiproton flux in cosmic rays is possible as the particles undergo deflection by the geomagnetic field. This effect can be measured by studying the deficit in the flux, or shadow, created by the Moon as it absorbs cosmic rays that are headed towards the Earth. The shadow is displaced from the actual position of the Moon due to geomagnetic deflection, which is a function of the energy and charge of the cosmic rays. The displacement provides a natural tool for momentum/charge discrimination that can be used to study the composition of cosmic rays. Using 33 months of data comprising more than 80 billion cosmic rays measured by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we have analyzed the Moon shadow to search for TeV antiprotons in cosmic rays. We present our first upper limits on the $\bar{p}/p$ fraction, which in the absence of any direct measurements, provide the tightest available constraints of $\sim1\%$ on the antiproton fraction for energies between 1 and 10 TeV.

10.1103/physrevd.97.102005

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Citations (12)

Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era -- A review.

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Andrea Addazi J. Álvarez-Muñiz Rafael Alves Batista Giovanni Amelino-Camelia V. Antonelli

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.

Source

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Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation using HAWC observations above 100 TeV

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019) (2019)

H. Martínez-Huerta S. S. Marinelli James Linnemann J. Lundeen

Due to the high energies and long distances involved, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy over relatively short distances, giving astrophysical spectra that have a hard cutoff above this energy. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is the most sensitive currently-operating gamma-ray observatory in the world above 10 TeV. Together with the recent development of an energy-reconstruction algorithm for HAWC using an artificial neural network, HAWC can make detailed measurements of gamma-ray energies above 100 TeV. With these observations, HAWC can limit the LIV energy scale greater than $10^{31}$ eV, over 800 times the Planck energy scale. This limit on LIV is over 60 times more constraining than the best previous value for $\rm E_{LIV}$.

Superluminal motion

Planck energy

10.22323/1.358.0738

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Citations (5)

CTA sensitivity for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma rays

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Ievgen Vovk J. Biteau H. Martínez-Huerta M. Meyer Santiago Pita

The Cherenkov Telescopic Array (CTA), the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, will have unprecedented sensitivity, providing answers to open questions in gamma-ray cosmology and fundamental physics. Using simulations of active galactic nuclei observations foreseen in the CTA Key Science Program, we find that CTA will measure gamma-ray absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical error below 15% up to the redshift of 2 and detect or establish limits on gamma halos induced by the intergalactic magnetic field of at least 0.3 pG. Extragalactic observations using CTA also demonstrate the potential for testing physics beyond the Standard Model. The best state-of-the-art constraints on the Lorentz invariance violation from astronomical gamma-ray observations will be improved at least two- to threefold. CTA will also probe the parameter space where axion-like particles can represent a significant proportion - if not all - of dark matter. Joint multiwavelength and multimessenger observations, carried out together with other future observatories, will further foster the growth of gamma-ray cosmology.

Cherenkov Telescope Array

Extragalactic background light

Astroparticle physics

10.48550/arxiv.2110.07864

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Citations (0)

Data acquisition architecture and online processing system for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment (2018)

A. U. Abeysekara R. Alfaro C. Álvarez J. D. Álvarez R. Arceo

10.1016/j.nima.2018.01.051

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Citations (23)

Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (2022)

Andrea Addazi J. Álvarez-Muñiz Rafael Alves Batista Giovanni Amelino-Camelia V. Antonelli

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 "Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach", is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.

10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103948

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Citations (308)

Search for dark matter gamma-ray emission from the Andromeda Galaxy with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (2018)

A. Albert R. Alfaro C. Álvarez J. D. Álvarez R. Arceo

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is a nearby (∼780 kpc) galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Observational evidence suggests that it resides in a large halo of dark matter (DM), making it a good target for DM searches. We present a search for gamma rays from M31 using 1017 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. With its wide field of view and constant monitoring, HAWC is well-suited to search for DM in extended targets like M31. No DM annihilation or decay signal was detected for DM masses from 1 to 100 TeV in the b, t, τ+τ−, μ+μ−, and W+W− channels. Therefore we present limits on those processes. Our limits nicely complement the existing body of DM limits from other targets and instruments. Specifically the DM decay limits from our benchmark model are the most constraining for DM masses from 25 TeV to 100 TeV in the b and t channels. In addition to DM-specific limits, we also calculate general gamma-ray flux limits for M31 in 5 energy bins from 1 TeV to 100 TeV.

Andromeda Galaxy

Andromeda

10.1088/1475-7516/2018/06/043

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Citations (20)