To compare the oncological outcomes of segmentectomy for non-peripheral versus peripheral small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective observational study included patients with clinical stage IA1-A2 NSCLC who underwent segmentectomy. Patients were separated based on tumour distance index (DI, which was calculated as the ratio of the distance from the entrance of the segmental bronchus to the proximal tumour margin to the distance to the lobar pleura along the same line): non-peripheral group (DI ≤ 2/3) and peripheral group (DI > 2/3). Disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) were compared with log-rank tests. 850 patients were included, comprising 274 in the non-peripheral group and 576 in the peripheral group. Recurrence occurred in 68 patients (24 in the peripheral group and 44 in the non-peripheral group), and 56 patients died (22 in the peripheral group and 34 in the non-peripheral group). Log-rank tests showed no statistical differences in 5-year DFS (92.2% vs 91.2%) and 5-year OS (96.3% vs 93.6%) between two groups, but higher margin recurrence occurred in the non-peripheral group. Multivariable analysis revealed that age, tumour diameter, consolidation-to-tumour ratios (CTR), pathological subtype, and pathologic stage were independent risk factors for DFS. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with a non-peripheral solid NSCLC had a worse 5-year DFS (62.1% vs 76.3%) and a higher margin recurrence rate (13.2% vs 2.0%). Segmentectomy for small-sized non-peripheral NSCLC could gain a comparable outcome to the peripheral, but worse DFS and higher margin recurrence occurred in the non-peripheral solid NSCLC.
Source optimization (SO) is one of the important resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) in computational lithography. The anamorphic magnification high-numerical aperture (NA) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography can achieve a higher resolution by increasing the NA. However, the increase in NA leads to a significant mask three-dimensional (M3D) effects in the partial direction on the mask, and traditional Kirchhoff model no longer works. In this paper, we propose a SO method for 0.55 NA EUV lithography based on thick mask model. The results demonstrate that thick mask model aware SO can effectively mitigate the M3D effects, achieve high fidelity patterns, and enlarge the process window (PW). The depth of defocus (exposure latitude=10%) of thick mask model aware SO at two types of target patterns is 52nm and 67nm, which is 116.7% and 48.9% larger than that of thin mask model aware SO.
The spatial power-combining technique becomes one of the focuses in communication countermeasure area,because it can obtain higher power by breaking restricts of power devices.According to the characteristics of satellite communication system,the spatial power-combining theory is analyzed based on the pre-equalized technique combined with time delay and phase,and distributed satellite countermeasure technique is introduced based on spatial power-combination.The operation principle and the system structure were also proposed.
Based on statistical properties of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the paper investigates the error and diversity performance of the maximal ratio combining(MRC) receiving system under non-identical double-Rayleigh fading conditions.A generalized formula on average symbol error rate of various M-ary modulations is derived through moment generating function based approach and its Chernoff union bound is obtained.Simulation results reveal that the ASER of a transmission system in double-Rayleigh fading decreases greatly by applying MRC receiving technique in it.The MRC receiving system achieves the same asymptotic diversity gains of double-Rayleigh fading as those of Rayleigh fading,but the diversity advantages achievable have apparent margins with full diversity gains within practical receiving SNR ranges.The full relative diversity advantages of the MRC receiving system can be obtained approximately in comparison to single-branch receiving system.
Background: Data regarding the safety and efficacy of delayed completion lobectomy (CL) following sublobar resections remain scant. We evaluated the technical difficulty and short-term outcomes of CL occurring at least 3 months following the anatomical segmentectomy or wedge resection. Methods: Consecutive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent a second resection within the same lobe at least 3 months after their initial resection from January 2013 to December 2019 at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into a segmentectomy group (SG group) and a wedge resection group (WR group) based on their initial resection strategy. Baseline characteristics and short-term outcomes after CL between the two groups were compared. Results: Twenty-five patients undergoing CL were included, nine in the SG group and 16 in the WR group. No deaths occurred within 30 days postoperatively, and the rate of overall postoperative complications was 28.0% (7/25). Statistically significant differences were found in rates of postoperative complications between the two groups (SG: 55.6% vs. WR: 12.5%, P=0.03) and in the use of bronchoplasty or angioplasty during the CL (SG: 33.3% vs. WR: 0.0%, P=0.04). After CL, no significant differences were found in 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (WR: 66.7% vs. SG: 61.0%, P=0.31) or overall survival (OS) (WR: 93.8% vs. SG: 66.7%, P=0.06) between two groups. Conclusions: Delayed CL occurring over 3 months after sublobar resection is a safe and effective procedure, with no deaths occurring within 30 days postoperatively. As compared to a segmentectomy at the time of the index operation, a wedge resection may portend less morbidity, with a decreased risk of needing adjunctive bronchoplasty or angioplasty procedures during CL. After CL, 5-year RFS and OS were comparable between WR and SG groups.
In the fast fading distributed MIMO system,it is difficult to keep the channel fading coefficient unchanged in adjacent space-time blocks due to the rapid changed state information,which leads to the traditional distributed MIMO differential detection scheme is not suitable any.Aiming at this matter,an improved differential detection scheme was proposed.By recombining space-time codes which were differential modulated by phase,this differential detection scheme reduced the influence from fast fading channels at the cost of larger processing delay and additional transmission power.Theoretical analysis and some computer simulation results show that this scheme can improve the BER performance remarkably in fast fading channels compared with the existing the conventional differential space time detection.
This paper studies the relay-assisted inter-vehicular communications (IVCs) with double Rayleigh fading vehicle-to-vehicle links. The OPA (optimal power allocation) solution is derived through maximizing source-to-destination channel capacity assuming amplify-and-forward relaying. The outage performance is discussed and the lower bound on outage probability at medium to high SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) is presented. Simulation results manifest that the ergodic capacity can be improved by about 2 dB at low SNR through OPA method over EPA (equal power allocation) solution, whereas the outage probability decreases more than 2 dB at high SNR compared to EPA. They also show that the lower bound on average outage probability approximates to the exact calculation result at medium to high SNR in the relay-assisted IVC system.
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disease affecting the reproductive age women. Objective: To investigate the relationship between PCOS and breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Search Strategy: Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE using keywords 'PCOS', 'ovarian cancer', 'breast cancer' and 'endometrial cancer'. Selection Criteria: The study providing the relative risk (RR) in the cohort study, odds risk(OR) in the case-control study, and 95%confidence interval (95%CI) were included. The single-case report and the non-English study were excluded. Data Collection and Analysis: This meta-analysis was performed by calculating RR, OR and 95%CI using random-effect models. Main Result: A total of 21 studies (8 cohort studies,13 case-control studies) involving 3831083 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of cohort studies and case-control studies, the prevalence of breast cancer among PCOS and non-PCOS women was not significant increased, the RR and OR were 0.959 (95%CI, 0.806-1.112) and 0.991 (95%CI, 0.626-1.35), respectively. Evidence from case-control studies showed that PCOS did not increase the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, the summary ORs of case-control studies were 1.288 (95%CI,0.763-1.814) and 1.219 (95%CI, 0.816-1.623). The risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer was significantly increased based on cohort studies, the overall RRs of cohort studies were 2.542 (95%CI, 1.755-3.328) and 1.818 (95%CI, 1.222-2.414). Conclusion: The meta-analysis demonstrate that PCOS will not increase the risk of breast cancer. Evidence from the cohort studies suggests that PCOS significantly increases the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, although the case-control studies did not.
Pseudo-chaotic time hopping(PCTH) has been suggested to use in UWB systems recently.In this paper,the character of PCTH-UWB is analyzed,the method of parallel judgment is presented and compared with the direct judgment way.The method of parallel judgment can improve the performance of PCTH-UWB,which is proved by the results of theory analysis and simulation.
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