Summary HD2 (histone deacetylase) proteins are plant‐specific histone deacetylases (HDACs). The Arabidopsis genome contains four HD2 genes, namely HD2A , HD2B , HD2C , and HD2D . We have previously demonstrated that HD2A, HD2B, and HD2C can repress transcription directly by targeting to promoters in planta . Here, we show that the N‐terminal conserved motif (EFWG) and histidine 25 (H25), a potential catalytic residue, were important for the gene repression activity of HD2A . In situ hybridization indicated that HD2A , HD2B , and HD2C were expressed in ovules, embryos, shoot apical meristems, and primary leaves. Furthermore, all three genes were strongly induced during the process of somatic embryogenesis. HD2D mRNA was only detected in the stems and flowers with young siliques and may have adopted different functions. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions, we demonstrated that HD2A, HD2B, and HD2C accumulated in the nuclei of Arabidopsis cells. Overexpression of 35S::GFP–HD2A in transgenic Arabidopsis plants generated pleiotropic developmental abnormalities, including abnormal leaves, delayed flowering, and aborted seed development. The data showed that normal pattern of HD2 expression was essential for normal plant development and that HD2A, HD2B, and HD2C may be needed for embryogenesis and embryo development. Reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR analysis revealed that a number of genes involved in seed development and maturation were repressed in the 35S::GFP–HD2A plants, supporting a role of HD2A in the regulation of gene expression during seed development.
Summary HD2 proteins are plant‐specific histone deacetylases. Little is known about the function of HD2 proteins in plants. In this paper, we report that an Arabidopsis HD2 protein, AtHD2C, is involved in abscisic acid and abiotic stress responses. Analysis of Arabidopsis plants containing the AtHD2C : β ‐ glucuronidase fusion gene revealed that AtHD2C was constitutive expressed in plants. Furthermore, expression of AtHD2C was repressed by abscisic acid. Over‐expression of 35S: AtHD2C‐GFP in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred an abscisic acid‐insensitive phenotype. In addition, 35S: AtHD2C‐GFP transgenic plants displayed reduced transpiration and enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses when compared with wild‐type plants. The expression of several abscisic acid‐responsive genes was affected in the 35S: AtHD2C‐GFP plants. Our study provides evidence indicating that AtHD2C can modulate abscisic acid and stress responses.
