Deborah Clifton

Lafayette Science Museum

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M. Kemrer

Stewart G. Albert

Saint Louis University

Michael J. Haas

University of Florida

M. Powers

Lyon College

S Myers

Saint Louis University

R. Claes

Caroline Sweetman

Oxfam

Fiona Gell

Manx National Heritage

Arshag D. Mooradian

University of Florida

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Saint Louis University

University of Florida

Jacksonville College

Florida College

Jacksonville University

Diabetes Australia

Saint Louis University

Baylor College of Medicine

Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center

University Hospital of Zurich

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Wexpro Inc. Bug Well #15

M. Powers Deborah Clifton

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Pubertal Changes in Serum Leptin Levels in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Longitudinal Study

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (2004)

S Myers Stewart G. Albert Michael J. Haas Deborah Clifton Arshag D. Mooradian

The mechanism of the pubertal delay seen in some adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus is not entirely clear. Since leptin has been implicated as a neuroendocrine modulator of puberty, we measured serum leptin levels longitudinally in 24 post-'honeymoon' patients with diabetes mellitus (M/F = 15/9) with a mean (+/- SD) age of 10.5 +/- 0.9 years and 26 controls (M/F = 15/11) with a mean age of 10.0 +/- 1.1 years. Physical examinations; serum leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1 levels; and bone age X-rays were performed annually for up to 48 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured 2-4 times a year in patients with diabetes mellitus. Serum leptin levels strongly correlated with the body mass index z-scores (BMI-Z) in both controls (r = 0.666, p <0.00001) and diabetic patients (r = 0.577, p <0.00001). Girls had increased serum leptin levels for a given BMI compared to boys (p <0.005). There were no significant differences in serum leptin levels of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to controls, nor were differences seen when the groups were stratified by age, Tanner stage, or gender. There were also no significant correlations between serum leptin levels and degree of metabolic control (i.e. HbA1c) or insulin dose standardized for body weight. Although there was no significant diabetes-related or metabolic control-related delay in bone age z-score or pubertal development, there was a significant negative correlation between HbA1c and growth velocity z-score, indicating that children with poor diabetes control had modest but significant slowing of growth. It is concluded that neither pubertal development nor serum leptin levels are significantly altered in adolescents with diabetes mellitus managed with standard therapy. The potential role of leptin in initiation of pubertal development is not easily demonstrable in observational studies.

Metabolic control analysis

10.1515/jpem.2004.17.12.1653

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Floristics in the New Millenium: Proceedings of the Flora of the Southeast US Symposium

Economic Botany (2002)

Deborah Clifton

Floristics

Flora

10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0106:fitnmp]2.0.co;2

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Capsicum. The Genus Capsicum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles

Economic Botany (2006)

Deborah Clifton

Aromatic plants

Plant Physiology

10.1663/0013-0001(2006)60[297:ctgcma]2.0.co;2

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A Little Gender Handbook for Emergencies or Just Plain Common Sense

Oxfam GB eBooks (1999)

Deborah Clifton

Oxfam believes that equality is most effectively approached by changing the unequal relations of men and women to one another. Emergency response is always conducted with the long-term goal of gender equality in mind. Recognising and responding to gender differences is an important step in improving the quality of emergency aid and 'The The Little Gender Handbook for Emergencies' includes a number of helpful checklists for conducting a gender-aware response.

Emergency Response

Common sense

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Bug Well #2, & 3, One Access Road

M. Kemrer Deborah Clifton

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Needs and Expectations for Redress of Victims of Abuse

R. Claes Deborah Clifton