Gudbrand Lien

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

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J. Brian Hardaker

University of New England

Erik Haugom

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Terje Slåtten

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Subal C. Kumbhakar

Binghamton University

Ola Flåten

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

Ståle Størdal

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Barbara Rebecca Mutonyi

Høyskolen Kristiania

Matthias Koesling

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

ØM

Ørjan Mydland

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

R.B.M. Huirne

Wageningen University & Research

Cooperative Institutions

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Agricultural & Applied Economics Association

Eastern Norway Research Institute

University of Oslo

The Research Council of Norway

Molde University College

Norwegian School of Economics

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How can children best learn map skills? a step-by-step approach

European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (2024)

Jon Anders Græsli Gudbrand Lien

This study contributes to our understanding of children's development of map-reading skills through a systematic 'step-by-step approach'. Utilising an ecological research design, we investigated how children perceive and utilise maps in a large-scale outdoor environment. A total of 156 children, aged 5–11 (both boys and girls), participated in the study, tasked with locating ten controls in the terrain using five different types of maps. The study measured accuracy in wayfinding (the number of correctly identified controls) and efficiency in wayfinding (the time spent on the task). The results revealed that children exhibited better mastery of perspective maps compared to symbolic maps, with older children demonstrating significantly greater proficiency with symbolic maps than younger children. Notably, there were no significant differences in performance between boys and girls.

10.1080/1350293x.2024.2322528

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Profit Efficiency in Timber Supply: Marginalization and Other Relevant Influences

Forest Science (2009)

Sjur Baardsen Gudbrand Lien Ståle Størdal

Abstract The objective of this article was to explore how marginalization of revenues from timber sales relative to income from agriculture and employment affects profit efficiency (the ratio of actual profit to maximum obtainable profit). We also sought to identify and measure the effects of other relevant inefficiency factors. A translog profit frontier function with an inefficiency module was estimated using a panel of 2,265 observations of 385 active Norwegian forest owners for 1991–2004. We found that profit efficiency decreases as the revenues from timber sales fall relative to agricultural or wage income. Other factors decreasing the efficiency were logging distance (beyond what can be explained by logging costs), fragmentation of the forest property, and time. Factors increasing profit efficiency were experience (age), information (possession of a management plan), and geographical location (centrality). On the basis of our results we make recommendations on how forest owners can improve their profit efficiency. We also suggest further developing and streamlining contract regimens as policy instruments for promoting efficiency.

10.1093/forestscience/55.6.524

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Citations (7)

Principles of Good Practice in Dealing with Risk in Agriculture: A Review of Agricultural Decision Analysis

CABI eBooks (2023)

J. Brian Hardaker Gudbrand Lien

Because the analysis of risky choice in agriculture is important but difficult, agricultural economists need both suggestions on how they can do decision analysis better and some agreed-on principles. In this chapter, we argue that the importance of risk aversion has generally been exaggerated relative to the task of finding better ways to deduce relevant and reliable probabilities. Getting better probabilities demands careful thought, drawing on what is known about the pitfalls and on evolving insights into better methods. Our aim is to stimulate a debate leading to a clearer consensus about better practice in these matters.

Risk Aversion

10.1079/9781800622289.0001

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Trading Time Seasonality in Commodity Futures: An Opportunity for Arbitrage in the Natural Gas and Crude Oil Markets?

SSRN Electronic Journal (2021)

Christian‐Oliver Ewald Erik Haugom Gudbrand Lien Ståle Størdal Yuexiang Wu

For fixed maturity, under the no-arbitrage assumption, futures prices should follow a martingale with respect to the trading time, at least under the pricing measure. Therefore, a prominent display of trading time seasonality under the physical measure raises warning signs and can only occur by means of strong seasonality in the pricing kernel. We show that for natural gas and crude oil, trading time seasonality is present to an extent where it may violate the no-arbitrage assumption. We provide three layers of evidence. The first layer is descriptive only, the second involves the Kruskal--Wicksell test for establishing trading time seasonality, and the third is in the form of a trading strategy, which exploits trading date seasonality. This strategy can produce statistically significant positive alphas in the CAPM context, thereby indicating the possibility of an arbitrage.

Seasonality

10.2139/ssrn.3792028

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Factors influencing farmer migration in Norway: A study based on survey results linked to financial data

Food Economics - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section C (2011)

Ole Jakob Bergfjord Gudbrand Lien Øyvind Hoveid

Abstract This paper studies what factors influence farmers to leave their farms, and how financial issues are linked with this behaviour. A data set is constructed by linking survey results with financial data, and the data set is analysed by multivariate statistical techniques. Our results indicate that, while existence and size of future farm production is important, there is also a difference between farmers who primarily have financial objectives for their farming and those who have more lifestyle oriented objectives. Everything else being equal, the latter group is more likely to stay on the farm. This could imply that, if preventing migration from rural to urban areas is a policy objective, production support schemes will be effective for some groups, but will be less effective for the group with lifestyle objectives. If this group is to be encouraged to stay in the countryside, policies directed at improving the general living conditions in the local community are likely to be more effective than specific support schemes related to agricultural production.

Survey data collection

10.1080/16507541.2011.607592

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Citations (6)

Economies of scope and scale in the Norwegian electricity industry

Economic Modelling (2019)

Ørjan Mydland Subal C. Kumbhakar Gudbrand Lien Roar Amundsveen Hilde Marit Kvile

An important issue for multi-product firms to consider is economies of scope, i.e., whether there is any benefit from producing two or more products, or whether specializing in producing only one product would be less costly. We examined the economies of scope for Norwegian electricity companies because policy makers have decided to force companies that both generates and distributes electricity to split their operations into two companies, one engaged in generation only and the other in distribution only. We set out to test the validity of the policy makers decision on unbundling generation and distribution. Using data from Norwegian electricity companies for the period 2004–2014, we found evidence of economies of scope, meaning that policy makers' insistence on separating generation and distribution companies will have increased costs. We also found evidence of economies of scale, meaning that there are cost savings in expanding outputs. Our findings provide important information to consider in future policy decisions in the Norwegian electricity industry, probably with implications for other countries.

Scope (computer science)

Economies of scope

Electric power distribution

Norwegian

Unbundling

10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.008

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Citations (21)

The impact of individual creativity, psychological capital, and leadership autonomy support on hospital employees’ innovative behaviour

Research Square (Research Square) (2020)

Terje Slåtten Barbara Rebecca Mutonyi Gudbrand Lien

Abstract Background: There is growing interest in and focus on healthcare services research to identify factors associated with innovation in healthcare organizations. However, previous innovation research has concentrated primarily on the organizational level. In contrast, this study focuses on innovation by individual employees. The specific aim is to examine factors with potential impact on individual employee innovation in hospital organizations. Thus, the study significantly deepens and broadens previous research on innovation in the domain of health services. Methods: A conceptual model was developed and tested on a sample of hospital employees (n=1008). Partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data with SmartPLS 3 software in two steps involving a measurement model and a structural model. Mediation analysis was used to test the proposed indirect effects. Results: Hospital employees’ individual innovative behaviour is directly and positively associated with individual creativity (b = 0.440), psychological capital (b = 0.34) and leadership autonomy support (b = 0.07). The relationships between leadership autonomy support, psychological capital and individual innovative behaviour are all mediated by employees’ creativity. Psychological capital mediates the relationship between leadership autonomy support and individual innovative behaviour. Overall, the proposed model explains 50% of the variance in hospital employees’ innovative behaviour. Conclusions: This study reveals a complex pattern of links between innovative behaviour and leadership autonomy support, employees’ creativity and employees’ psychological capital. However, the findings indicate that leadership autonomy support has an influential and multifaceted impact on hospital employees’ innovative behaviour.

Positive psychological capital

Conceptual model

Capital (architecture)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39954/v3

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Citations (2)

Impact of Subsidies on Farm Productivity and Efficiency

Springer eBooks (2010)

Subal C. Kumbhakar Gudbrand Lien

10.1007/978-1-4419-6385-7_6

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Citations (64)

Whole-farm planning under uncertainty: impacts of subsidy scheme and utility function on portfolio choice in Norwegian agriculture

European Review of Agricultural Economics (2001)

Gudbrand Lien

This paper addresses the impacts of degree of risk aversion, subsidy scheme and choice of utility function on optimal farm plans in Norwegian agriculture. Data from a farm business survey (1991-1997) are combined with subjective judgements to formulate a two-stage utility-efficient programming model. Under existing policy and market conditions, the ex ante expectation was that farmers' risk attitudes are unlikely to have a large effect on choice of enterprise mix. The results tend to confirm this view, and a farmer who is hardly risk averse at all would choose the same farm plan as a very risk averse farmer. Factors such as subsidy schemes, market conditions for the products and available labour on the farm are found to be more important determinants of the optimal plans than farmers' risk attitude or the form of the utility function.

Norwegian

10.1093/erae/28.1.17

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Citations (81)

Consequences of employees’ collective engagement in knowledge-based service firms

Journal of Service Science Research (2016)

Terje Slåtten Gudbrand Lien

Conceptual model

Service Innovation

10.1007/s12927-016-0006-7

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Citations (13)