Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have become famous for their image synthesis capabilities from random input in deep learning models. This model generates realistic videos known as deepfake that have been misused on social media. The challenging task is to distinguish these fake videos from the public through naked eyes, causing disconcerting problems. This study proposes a supervised machine learning approach to successfully differentiate between real and fake videos by detecting visual artefacts to address this problem. For this purpose, two facial features are extracted i.e., eye blinking and nose position based on landmark detection. Both features were trained on supervised machine learning classifiers and evaluated on the publicly available UADFV and Celeb-DF deepfake datasets. Experiments successfully demonstrate that the proposed method shows the promising performance of AUC -97% for deepfake detection.
Fluid-structure interactions (FSI) are used in a variety of sensors based on micro- and nanotechnology to detect and measure changes in pressure, flow, and viscosity of fluids. These sensors typically consist of a flexible structure that deforms in response to the fluid flow and generates an electrical, optical, or mechanical signal that can be measured. FSI-based sensors have recently been utilized in applications such as biomedical devices, environmental monitoring, and aerospace engineering, where the accurate measurement of fluid properties is critical to ensure performance and safety. In this work, multiphysics models are employed to identify and study parameters that affect the performance of an FSI-based microfluidic viscometer that measures the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids using the deflection of flexible micropillars. Specifically, we studied the impact of geometric parameters such as pillar diameter and height, aspect ratio of the pillars, pillar spacing, and the distance between the pillars and the channel walls. Our study provides design guidelines to adjust the sensitivity of the viscometer toward specific applications. Overall, this highly sensitive microfluidic sensor can be integrated into complex systems and provide real-time monitoring of fluid viscosity.
The face of state administered utility grid is suffering from a severe stress due to the rapidly growing urban communities, population, luxurious lifestyle of residents and eventually their electricity needs. This trend being accelerated at a higher pace during the past decade calls for the incorporation of alternative power sources using renewables in grid-tied or islanding mode of operation so-called microgrid. This paper addresses the technical issues associated with a 132 kV grid dedicated to Qadirpur Ran, a rural district of Pakistan located adjacent to the city of Multan. The existing electrical architecture of the district is simulated using power flow solver which illustrates that the components of the grid undergo high losses, poor voltage profile and low power factor. In addition, the simulation study identifies 20 overloaded transformers and 20 overloaded distributed lines in the existing system. Without altering the network configuration, a solar plant and a biogas plant of 10 MW capacity each along with three additional biogas plants of 5 MW (2 MW, 2 MW, 1 MW) rating which serve as emergency backup during night time are proposed for the district. As a result, the district is isolated from the national grid eliminating complexities associated with grid integration and serving as an electrically autonomous enclave. The updated hybrid system announces appealing features in a broad spectrum of electrical power framework compared to the existing quantities providing exquisite solutions to the prevailing issues. Furthermore, the cost of all-renewable powered off-grid system is calculated taking into account contributed supplementary components to estimate the total payback period of 9.75 years.
Dielectrophoretic devices are capable of the detection and manipulation of cancer cells in a label-free, cost-effective, robust, and accurate manner using the principle of the polarization of the cancer cells in the sample volume by applying an external electric field. This article demonstrates how a microfluidic platform can be utilized for high-throughput continuous sorting of non-metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and non-tumor breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) using hydrodynamic dielectrophoresis (HDEP) from the cell mixture. By generating an electric field between two electrodes placed side-by-side with a micron-sized gap between them in an HDEP microfluidic chip, non-tumor breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) can be pushed away, exhibiting negative DEP inside the main channel, while the non-metastatic breast cancer cells follow their course unaffected when suspended in cell medium due to having conductivity higher than the membrane conductivity. To demonstrate this concept, simulations were performed for different values of medium conductivity, and the sorting of cells was studied. A parametric study was carried out, and a suitable cell mixture conductivity was found to be 0.4 S/m. By keeping the medium conductivity fixed, an adequate AC frequency of 0.8 MHz was established, giving maximum sorting efficiency, by varying the electric field frequency. Using the demonstrated method, after choosing the appropriate cell mixture suspension medium conductivity and frequency of the applied AC, maximum sorting efficiency can be achieved.
Abstract The possibility to tightly control the cellular microenvironment within microfluidic devices represents an important step forward precision analysis of cellular phenotypes in vitro . In particular, microfluidic platforms that allow both long-term mammalian cell culture and dynamic modulation of the culture environment can support quantitative studies of cells’ responses to drugs. Here, we report the design and testing of a novel microfluidic device of easy production (single Polydimethylsiloxane layer), which integrates a micromixer with vacuum-assisted cell loading for long-term mammalian cell culture and dynamic mixing of 4 different culture media. Finite element modelling was used to predict the flow rates and device dimensions to achieve diffusion-based fluid mixing. The device showed efficient mixing and dynamic exchange of media in the cell trapping chambers. This work represents the first attempt to integrate single layer microfluidic mixing devices with vacuum-assisted cell loading systems for mammalian cell culture and dynamic stimulation.
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