An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Abstract A simple apparatus for measuring contact charge was set up and utilized to identify and evaluate some effective chemicals for increasing contact charge between potash components. TiCl4 and FeCl2 · 4H20 increase contact potential by unevently raising the surface work functions of NaCl and KCl, while octanoic acid increases this potential by lowering the NaCl surface work function and slightly raising the KCl surface work function. Combinations of these two types of chemicals produce excellent results. Repetition of contacts affects the contact charge. The relationship between the amount of contact and potash contact charge was investigated, as was the effect of hematite contamination of sylvite contact charge.
According to technical statistics, current TCP protocols with approximately 80% Internet applications run on perform very well on wired networks. However, due to the effects of long propagation delay, great bandwidth asymmetry, high sporadic Bit Error Rate (BER) and etc., TCP performance degrades obviously on the satellite communication networks. To avoid the problems, TP-S, a novel transport control protocol, is introduced for satellite IP networks. Firstly, in order to increase the increment speed of Congestion Window (cwnd) at the beginning of data transmission, the traditional Slow Start strategy is replaced by a new strategy, known as Super Start. Secondly, a new packet lost discriminated scheme based on IP packets alternately sending with different priority is used in the protocol to decouple congestion decision from errors. Thirdly, bandwidth asymmetry problem is avoided by adopting Modified NACK (M-NACK) in receiving ends, which is sent periodically. In addition, the sending strategy in routers is also modified along with other's changes to support the protocol. Finally, the simulation experiments show that the new protocol can not only significantly enhance throughput performance, but also reduce sharply bandwidth used in the reverse path as compared with traditional TCP protocols and those protocols, which are recently proposed for satellite IP networks.
Titanium dioxide has been used a wide application to remove organic contaminations in the environment- protecting field,because of its excellent photocatalytic characteristic, and it is the key to successful commercialization of the technology to modify and immobilize TiO2 onto various substrates. Based on the current study of TiO2, photocatalyst the catalytic performance and various methods of modification and immobilization for TiO2 photocatalyst are reviewed in this paper.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
While acidic oxygen evolution reaction plays a critical role in electrochemical energy conversion devices, the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability in acidic electrolyte challenges materials development. Unlike traditional nano-structuring approaches, this work focuses on the structural symmetry breaking to rearrange spin electron occupation and optimize spin-dependent orbital interaction to alter charge transfer between catalysts and reactants. Herein, we propose an atomic half-disordering strategy in multistage-hybridized BixEr2-xRu2O7 pyrochlores to reconfigure orbital degeneracy and spin-related electron occupation. This strategy involves controlling the bonding interaction of Bi-6s lone pair electrons, in which partial atom rearrangement makes the active sites transform into asymmetric high-spin states from symmetric low-spin states. As a result, the half-disordered BixEr2-xRu2O7 pyrochlores demonstrate an overpotential of ~0.18 V at 10 mA cm-2 accompanied with excellent stability of 100 h in acidic electrolyte. Our findings not only provide a strategy for designing atom-disorder-related catalysts, but also provides a deeper understanding of the spin-related acidic oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.
Multi-component hetero-nanostructures exhibit multifunctional properties or synergistic performance and are thus considered as attractive materials for energy conversion applications. There is a long-standing demand to construct more sophisticated heterostructures for steering charge-carrier flow in semiconductor systems. Herein we fabricate a large-scale quantity of three-dimensional (3D) branched CuxO/ZnO@Au heterostructure consisting of CuO nanowires (NWs) and grafted ZnO nanodisks (NDs) decorated with Au nanoparticles via sequential hierarchical assemblies. This treelike hetero-nanostructure ensures well-steered transfer of photogenerated electrons to the exposed ZnO NDs, while holes to the CuO backbone NWs with concerted efforts from multi-node p-n junctions, polar ZnO facets, and Au plasmon, resulting in the significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
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