D. Evbota

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

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G. Ambrosio

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

M.J. Lamm

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

M. Tartaglia

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

M. Lopes

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

J. Miller

Boston University

D. Orris

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

S. Cheban

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

S. Fehér

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

R. Coleman

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

P. Fabbricatore

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova

Cooperative Institutions

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Fermi Research Alliance

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

European Organization for Nuclear Research

Brookhaven National Laboratory

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

Muons (United States)

Argonne National Laboratory

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

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Mu2e Transport Solenoid Prototype Tests Results

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2016)

M. Lopes G. Ambrosio Karie Badgley J. DiMarco D. Evbota

The Fermilab Mu2e experiment has been developed to search for evidence of charged lepton flavor violation through the direct conversion of muons into electrons. The transport solenoid is an s-shaped magnet that guides the muons from the source to the stopping target. It consists of 52 superconducting coils arranged in 27 coil modules. A full-size prototype coil module, with all the features of a typical module of the full assembly, was successfully manufactured by a collaboration between INFN-Genoa and Fermilab. The prototype contains two coils that can be powered independently. To validate the design, the magnet went through an extensive test campaign. Warm tests included magnetic measurements with a vibrating stretched wire and electrical and dimensional checks. The cold performance was evaluated by a series of power tests and temperature dependence and minimum quench energy studies.

Fermilab

Solenoid

10.1109/tasc.2016.2526619

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Citations (22)

Improvements and Performance of the Fermilab Solenoid Test Facility

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2016)

D. Orris Don Arnold J. Brandt S. Cheban D. Evbota

The solenoid test facility at Fermilab was built using a large vacuum vessel for testing of conduction-cooled superconducting solenoid magnets, and was first used to determine the performance of the MICE coupling coil. The facility was modified recently to enable the testing of solenoid magnets for the muon-to-electron (Mu2e) experiment, which operates at much higher current than the coupling coil. One pair of low-current conduction-cooled copper and NbTi leads was replaced with two pairs of 10-kA high-temperature superconducting leads cooled by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The new design, with additional control and monitoring capability, also provides helium cooling of the superconducting magnet leads by conduction. A high current power supply with energy extraction was added, and several improvements to the quench protection and characterization system were made. Here, we present details of these changes and report on performance results from a test of the Mu2e prototype transport solenoid (TS) module. Progress on additional improvements in preparation for production TS module testing will be presented.

Solenoid

Fermilab

Compact Muon Solenoid

10.1109/tasc.2016.2639478

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Citations (7)

Challenges and Design of the Transport Solenoid for the Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2013)

G. Ambrosio N. Andreev S. Cheban R. Coleman N. Dhanaraj

The Fermilab Mu2e experiment seeks to measure the rare process of direct muon to electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. The magnet system for this experiment is made of three warm-bore solenoids: the Production Solenoid (PS), the Transport Solenoid (TS), and the Detector Solenoid (DS). The TS is an “S-shaped” solenoid set between the other bigger solenoids. The Transport Solenoid has a warm-bore aperture of 0.5 m and field between 2.5 and 2.0 T. The PS and DS have, respectively warm-bore aperture of 1.5 m and 1.9 m, and peak field of 4.6 T and 2 T. In order to meet the field specifications, the TS starts inside the PS and ends inside the DS. The strong coupling with the adjacent solenoids poses several challenges to the design and operation of the Transport Solenoid. The coil layout has to compensate for the fringe field of the adjacent solenoids. The quench protection system should handle all possible quench and failure scenarios in all three solenoids. The support system has to be able to withstand very different forces depending on the powering status of the adjacent solenoids. In this paper, the conceptual design of the Transport Solenoid is presented and discussed focusing on these coupling issues and the proposed solutions.

Solenoid

Fermilab

Compact Muon Solenoid

Aperture (computer memory)

10.1109/tasc.2013.2287053

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Citations (15)

Studies on the Magnetic Center of the Mu2e Solenoid System

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2013)

M. L. Lopes G. Ambrosio M. Buehler R. Coleman D. Evbota

The definition of the magnetic center in the Mu2e solenoid system is not trivial given the S-shaped nature of the transport solenoid. Moreover, due to the fringe field of the larger bore adjacent magnets-production solenoid and the detector solenoid-the magnetic center does not coincide with the geometric center of the system. The reference magnetic center can be obtained by tracking a low-momentum charged particle through the whole system. This paper will discuss this method and will evaluate the deviations from the nominal magnetic center given the tolerances in the manufacturing and the alignment of the coils. Methods for the correction of the magnetic center will also be presented.

Solenoid

Center (category theory)

Tracking (education)

Guiding center

10.1109/tasc.2013.2280898

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Citations (6)

Aluminum Stabilized NbTi Conductor Test Coil Design, Fabrication, and Test Results

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2011)

N. Andreev G. Chlachidze D. Evbota Vadim Kashikhin M.J. Lamm

A new generation of precision muon conversion experiments is planned at both Fermilab and KEK. These experiments will depend upon a complex set of solenoid magnets for the production, momentum selection and transport of a muon beam to a stopping target, and for tracking detector momentum analysis of candidate conversion electrons from the target. Baseline designs for the production and detector solenoids use NbTi cable that is heavily stabilized by an extruded high RRR aluminum jacket. A U.S.-Japan research collaboration has begun whose goal is to advance the development of optimized Al-NbTi conductors, gain experience with the technology of winding coils from this material, and test the conductor performance as modest length samples become available. For this purpose, a “conductor test” solenoid with three coils was designed and built at Fermilab. A sample of the RIKEN Al-NbTi conductor from KEK was wound into a “test” coil; this was sandwiched between two “field” coils wound from doubled SSC cable, to increase the peak field on the RIKEN test coil. All three solenoid coils were epoxy impregnated, and utilized aluminum outer bandage rings to apply preload to the coils when cold. The design and fabrication details, and results of the magnet quench performance tests are presented and discussed.

Fermilab

Solenoid

Niobium-tin

10.1109/tasc.2011.2176098

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Citations (4)

Forced two-phase helium cooling scheme for the Mu2e transport solenoid

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (2015)

G. Tatkowski S. Cheban N. Dhanaraj D. Evbota M. Lopes

The Mu2e Transport Solenoid (TS) is an S-shaped magnet formed by two separate but similar magnets, TS-u and TS-d. Each magnet is quarter-toroid shaped with a centerline radius of approximately 3 m utilizing a helium cooling loop consisting of 25 to 27 horizontal-axis rings connected in series. This cooling loop configuration has been deemed adequate for cooling via forced single phase liquid helium; however it presents major challenges to forced two-phase flow such as "garden hose" pressure drop, concerns of flow separation from tube walls, difficulty of calculation, etc. Even with these disadvantages, forced two-phase flow has certain inherent advantages which make it a more attractive option than forced single phase flow. It is for this reason that the use of forced two-phase flow was studied for the TS magnets. This paper will describe the analysis using helium-specific pressure drop correlations, conservative engineering approach, helium properties calculated and updated at over fifty points, and how the results compared with those in literature. Based on the findings, the use of forced-two phase helium is determined to be feasible for steady-state cooling of the TS solenoids.

Solenoid

10.1088/1757-899x/101/1/012152

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Citations (1)

Solenoid Magnet System for the Fermilab Mu2e Experiment

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2011)

M.J. Lamm N. Andreev G. Ambrosio J. Brandt R. Coleman

The Fermilab Mu2e experiment seeks to measure the rare process of direct muon to electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. Key to the design of the experiment is a system of three superconducting solenoids; a muon production solenoid (PS) which is a 1.8 m aperture axially graded solenoid with a peak field of 5 T used to focus secondary pions and muons from a production target located in the solenoid aperture; an “S shaped” transport solenoid (TS) which selects and transports the subsequent muons towards a stopping target; a detector solenoid (DS) which is an axially graded solenoid at the upstream end to focus transported muons to a stopping target, and a spectrometer solenoid at the downstream end to accurately measure the momentum of the outgoing conversion electrons. The magnetic field requirements, the significant magnetic coupling between the solenoids, the curved muon transport geometry and the large beam induced energy deposition into the superconducting coils pose significant challenges to the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal design of this system. In this paper a conceptual design for the magnetic system which meets the Mu2e experiment requirements is presented.

Solenoid

Fermilab

Aperture (computer memory)

10.1109/tasc.2011.2179835

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Citations (19)

Aluminum Stabilized Superconducting Prototype Cable Development for the Mu2e Transport Solenoid

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2014)

V. Lombardo G. Ambrosio D. Evbota M.J. Lamm M. Lopes

The Fermilab Mu2e experiment seeks to measure the rare process of direct muon to electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. The experiment makes use of three large superconducting solenoids: the production solenoid (PS), the transport solenoid (TS), and the detector solenoid (DS). The TS is an “S-shaped” solenoid with a warm-bore aperture of half a meter and field between 2.5 and 2.0 T. The three solenoids are based on four different types of Al stabilized NbTi conductors. All the conductors are composed of a Rutherford cable embedded in an aluminum matrix through a conforming process. This paper describes the various steps that led to the successful procurement of 3 km of Al-stabilized prototype cable for the Mu2e TS. The main cable properties and results of electrical and mechanical tests are presented and discussed for each stage of the cable development process. Results are compared to design values to show how the prototype cable lengths satisfied all the design criteria starting from the NbTi wires all the way to the Al-stabilized cables. Following the successful completion of this initial phase, the TS prototype cable is currently being used to manufacture a prototype TS coil in industry. The cable production phase has recently been launched, with the goal of producing 700 km of superconducting wire for a total of 44 km of TS Al-stabilized cable needed to build the entire Transport Solenoid system.

Solenoid

Compact Muon Solenoid

Aperture (computer memory)

Niobium-tin

10.1109/tasc.2014.2377579

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Citations (1)

Mu2e Transport Solenoid Cold-Mass Alignment Issues

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2017)

Mauricio Lopes G. Ambrosio Karie Badgley Federica Bradascio J. Brandt

The muon-to-electron conversion experiment (Mu2e) at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation. It is composed of three large superconducting solenoids: the production solenoid, the transport solenoid (TS), and the detector solenoid. The TS is formed by two magnets: TS upstream and TS downstream. Each has its own cryostat and power supply. Tolerance sensitivity studies of the position and angular alignment of each coil in this magnet system were performed in the past with the objective to demonstrate that the magnet design meets all the field requirements. The alignment of the cold masses is critical to maximize the transmission of muons and to avoid possible backgrounds that would reduce the sensitivity of the experiment. Each TS magnet cold mass can be individually aligned. In this paper, we discuss the implications of the alignment of the TS cold masses in terms of the displacement of the magnetic center. Consideration of the practical mechanical limits is also presented.

Solenoid

Cryostat

Fermilab

10.1109/tasc.2016.2642641

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Citations (2)

Status of Performance Testing of the Mu2e Transport Solenoid Coils

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2020)

Karie Badgley G. Ambrosio J. DiMarco D. Evbota A. Höcker

The magnet system of the Muon to electron (Mu2e) experiment at Fermilab consists of three solenoid magnets: the Production Solenoid (PS), the Transport Solenoid (TS), and the Detector Solenoid (DS). The S-shaped TS contains 52 coils grouped into modules, which are typically 2 coils shrink fitted into Al shells. These modules are further grouped into units made of 1-3 modules. As part of the acceptance process for these units, the magnetic center of all coils and critical dimensions of the Al shells are measured. The magnetic model is updated with these as-built values to ensure the magnetic requirements for the experiment are met. In addition, units are tested to 120% of nominal current at liquid helium temperatures to study quench performance and splice resistance. Results from the first units will be presented.

Solenoid

Compact Muon Solenoid

Fermilab

Electromagnet

10.1109/tasc.2020.2981274

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Citations (0)