A M Walker

Public Health Wales

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Co-Authors

Hershel Jick

Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program

W. Douglass Shaw

Texas A&M University

Paul M. Jakus

Utah State University

Noel Craine

Public Health Wales

A. G. Wheeler

University of Queensland

To N. Nguyen

University of Guelph

J. J. McKinnon

University of Arizona

Jenny M. Lean

Jewish General Hospital

R Salmon

North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

Marnee Benson

University of Nevada, Reno

Cooperative Institutions

Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules

117

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Stanford University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource

European Organization for Nuclear Research

Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Campbell Collaboration

University of California, Berkeley

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Drugs and stillbirth.

American Journal of Public Health (1986)

Jane Porter J Hunter-Mitchell Hershel Jick A M Walker

In a case-control study spanning five years' experience at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, we could demonstrate no plausible association between the use of spermicides, oral contraceptives, Bendectin, or antibiotics prior to conception and the occurrence of 73 nontraumatic stillbirths.

10.2105/ajph.76.12.1428

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Citations (5)

Microbial water quality and influences of fecal accumulation from a dog exercise area.

Lynell Garfield A M Walker

The risk of water contamination by fecal bacteria may be increased if a watershed includes areas where feces accumulate as a result of specific land uses, such as areas where owners frequently exercise dogs. This study examined the effects of a year-round dog exercise area in the Burke Creek Recreational Area (BCRA) in the arid alpine environment of Stateline, Nevada. Burke Creek drains a small, high relief watershed, flows through a sedimentation basin in the BCRA, and enters Lake Tahoe. Over the course of 14 months, we analyzed water samples from the creek for Escherichia coli and collected feces from plots to estimate fecal accumulation. We found that accumulation was highly localized within the study area, amounting to approximately 100.1 lbs (45.5 kg) of dry matter in 14 months. Statistical analysis indicated, however, that fecal bacteria in water decreased as the stream flowed through the area, presumably due to effects of the sedimentation basin, wetlands, and die-off of E. coli in feces from exposure to environmental stresses. These results are useful for managing heavily used sites and understanding the effects of this type of land use on water quality.

Sedimentation

Indicator bacteria

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Citations (16)

ATRACURIUM—A POST-MARKETING SURVEILLANCE STUDY: METHODS AND U.S. EXPERIENCE

British Journal of Anaesthesia (1989)

Hershel Jick Elizabeth Andrews Tilson Hh M. PFANSCHMIDT Christine M. Branche

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Adverse weather

Postmarketing surveillance

10.1093/bja/62.6.590

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Citations (14)

No Seasonality in the Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia in the United States<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

A M Walker P A van Noord

Dates of diagnosis of 7,000 cases of acute leukemia occurring in the United States between 1969 and 1981 were reviewed for detection of seasonal patterns. No strong evidence was found for seasonality in the diagnosis of acute leukemias as a whole or for subgroups based on cell type, age, or geography. Previous indications of seasonal fluctuation may represent the selective reporting of chance events.

Seasonality

10.1093/jnci/69.6.1283

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Citations (16)

BaBar technical design report

D. Boutigny S. Yellin J. Lidbury V. Dodonov D. Johnson

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Citations (84)

Risk perceptions of arsenic in tap water and consumption of bottled water

Water Resources Research (2009)

Paul M. Jakus W. Douglass Shaw To N. Nguyen A M Walker

The demand for bottled water has increased rapidly over the past decade, but bottled water is extremely costly compared to tap water. The convenience of bottled water surely matters to consumers, but are others factors at work? This manuscript examines whether purchases of bottled water are associated with the perceived risk of tap water. All of the past studies on bottled water consumption have used simple scale measures of perceived risk that do not correspond to risk measures used by risk analysts. We elicit a probability‐based measure of risk and find that as perceived risks rise, expenditures for bottled water rise.

Bottled water

Tap water

Consumption

Risk Perception

Water consumption

10.1029/2008wr007427

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Citations (84)

Infant medication and sudden infant death syndrome.

PubMed (1988)

A M Walker Isabelle Romieu

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Citations (3)

Incorporating Perceived Mortality Risks from Arsenic into Models of Drinking Water Behavior and Valuation of Arsenic Risk Reductions: Preliminary Results

W. Douglas Shaw Mary Riddell Paul M. Jakus Paan Jindpon A M Walker

The new regulatory standard for arsenic in public drinking water systems is 10 parts per billion (ppb) as compared to the old standard of 50 ppb. Arsenic has been shown to increase the risks of bladder and lung cancer at levels of 50 ppb. However, the exact relationship between arsenic levels and cancer risk is difficult to discern at this and lower levels. This introduces ambiguity about the mortality risks. This first workshop paper reports on the results from previous pilot studies, provides, preliminary modeling and results from focus group research. All of these help examine ways of communicating and modeling these ambiguous risks to individuals who live in arsenic spots, defined as those areas where the current arsenic level exceeds the new standard of 10 ppb. Both the pilot studies and focus groups confirm that drinking water and averting behavior is more complicated than economists might initially presume. Risks, and ways of reducing it, need to be better communicated to households in hot spots.

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Citations (5)

Predictors of Treatment Failure in Multiple Drug-Resistant Falciparum Malaria: Results from a 42-Day Follow-up of 224 Patients in Eastern Thailand

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (1993)

Arnaud Fontanet A M Walker

"Predictors of Treatment Failure in Multiple Drug-Resistant Falciparum Malaria: Results from a 42-Day Follow-up of 224 Patients in Eastern Thailand" published on Oct 1993 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Tropical Medicine

10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.465

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Citations (42)

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence and risk behaviour among community-recruited drug injectors in North West Wales.

Communicable disease and public health (2004)

Noel Craine A M Walker Susanna Williamson Allen W. Brown Vivian Hope

We estimated the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and injecting risk behaviour, among community-recruited injecting drug users (IDUs) in North West Wales in 2001 and 2002. Sample collection was undertaken by trained current and former IDUs. Oral fluid samples (n = 153) were tested as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme ongoing survey of IDUs. Approximately 12% of the sample reported that they were currently in a drug treatment programme. Of the 153 samples screened 27% (95% CI 20%-34%, 41/153) were anti-HBc positive, and 23% (95% CI 16%-30%, 35/153) were anti-HCV positive. Sixteen per cent (95% CI 10%-22%, 25/ 153) of the samples were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HCV. Of the subjects 15% (95% CI 9%-20%) knew they had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Direct sharing of needles and syringes in the 28 days prior to interview was reported by 44% (95% CI 35%-54%), and sharing of any equipment including that used for drug preparation prior to injection was reported by 66% (95% CI 57%-76%). In North West Wales, syringe sharing is a common practice, and a high proportion of IDUs have been exposed to bloodborne viruses. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage within this population appears to be low and needs to be increased. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability of clean injecting equipment.

Seroprevalence

Hepatitis B

Needle sharing

Hepatitis C

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Citations (16)