Objective To evaluate the efficacy and indications of bioabsorbable screws for the treatment of ankle fractures. Methods From June 2004 to December 2010,16 patients with ankle fractures [9 males and 7 female with a mean age of 35 years (ranging from 21 to 62 years) ] were treated with bioabsorbable screws.Among them,there were 4 cases of trimalleolar fracture (2 AO type B and 2 AO type C),8 cases of bimalleolar fracture (all AO type B),2 cases of medial malleolus fracture and 2 cases of lateral malleolus fracture(one AO type A and one Maisonneuve fracture complicated with separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and deltoid ligament rupture). Lateral malleolus fractures of only AO type A were fixated with one 2.7 mm bioabsorbable screw and one 1.5 mm bioabsorbable pin.Medial malleolus fractures were fixated with 2 bioabsorbable screws of 3.5 mm or 4.0 mm.In the one fracture combined with separation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis,2 bieabsotbable screws were implanted from the fibula to the tibia to fixate the syndesmosis.For posterior malleolus fractures,one or 2 bioabsorbable screws of 4.0 mm were implanted from forwards to backwards.Results Sixteen patients were followed up from 1.5 to 4.0 years,with an average of 28 months.All fractures healed after an average of 3 months.According to the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) evaluation system,14 patients obtained excellent results and 2 good.There were no such complications as delayed union or nonunion or wound problems. Conclusions Bioabsorbable screws are effective in treatment of ankle fractures and can spare a secondary operation to remove the implants.It is important,however,to judge the right types of ankle fracture because they are not suitable for all ankle fractures.
Key words:
Ankle joint; Fractures; Bone nails; Fracture fixation, internal
Objective To compare the biomechanical stability of dorsal and volar plate osteosynthesis in the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fracture. Methods Six pairs cadaveric radius specimens were osteotomized at the distal region to make the dorsally displaced models, then the specimens were fixed by dorsal plate ostoosynthesis in one specimen (dorsal group) and by volar plate osteosynthesis in the other specimen of the same pair (volar group). Then all the specimens were placed in the Skimazu material testing machine for axial loading till failure. The load-displacement curves were recorded, peak load and energy absorbed by the specimen at the destroying point were gathered to assess the 2 methods of fixation. Statistic analysis was run to compare results of the two groups. Results Five pairs of specimens were bended toward the volar side under axial load, 1 pair of specimens were axially compacted. The mean peak load was (1 326.77±384.86) N for the dorsal group and (1 520.05±579.56) N for the volar group, respectively. The energy absorbed by the specimen at the destroying point was ( 8.21±3.74 ) J for the dorsal group and ( 10.04±3.62 ) J for the volar group respectively. Paired-samples t-test suggested no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Volar plate ostoosynthesis is the ideal choice for treatment of distal radius fracture.
Key words:
Radius fractures; Biomechanics; Internal fixators
Abstract The branching copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile with divinyl benzene as the branching agent was carried out using atom transfer radical polymerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance and triple detection size exclusion chromatography were used to analyze the reaction. The results suggest that the coupling reaction mainly takes place between the primary chains, forming slightly branched chains in the early stages. The coupling reaction between the branched chains becomes significant at the middle stages, forming highly branched chains. The reaction system consists of primary chains, slightly branched chains containing two primary chains and highly branched chains comprised of more than three primary chains. The weight fraction of the branched chains increases expectedly with monomer conversion. magnified image
Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCT) is the most common cause of shoulder dysfunction, however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs), such as long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), are involved in a variety of diseases, but little is known about their roles in RCT. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify dysregulated ncRNAs and understand how they influence RCT. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing and miRNA sequencing on five pairs of torn supraspinatus muscles and matched unharmed subscapularis muscles to identify RNAs dysregulated in RCT patients. To better comprehend the fundamental biological processes, we carried out enrichment analysis of these dysregulated mRNAs or the co-expressed genes of dysregulated ncRNAs. According to the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, we finally established ceRNA networks to explore the relationship among dysregulated RNAs in RCT. Results: A total of 151 mRNAs, 38 miRNAs, 20 lncRNAs and 90 circRNAs were differentially expressed between torn supraspinatus muscles and matched unharmed subscapularis muscles, respectively. We found that these dysregulated mRNAs, the target mRNAs of these dysregulated miRNAs or the co-expressed mRNAs of these dysregulated ncRNAs were enriched in muscle structure development, actin-mediated cell contraction and actin binding. Then we constructed and analyzed the ceRNA network and found that the largest module in the ceRNA network was associated with vasculature development. Based on the topological properties of the largest module, we identified several important ncRNAs including hsa_circ_0000722, hsa-miR-129-5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p, whose interacting mRNAs related to muscle diseases, fat and inflammation. Conclusion: This study presented a systematic dissection of the expression profile of mRNAs and ncRNAs in RCT patients and revealed some important ncRNAs which may contribute to the development of RCT. Such results could provide new insights for further research on RCT.
Although the two species of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra and R. pyrenaica) are currently classified as least-concern by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), inconsistencies on the subspecies classification reported in literature make it challenging to assess the conservation status of the single subspecies. Previous studies relying on mitochondrial genes, sometimes in combination with nuclear or Y-chromosome markers, reported the presence of clusters corresponding to the geographic distribution but highlighting ambiguities in the genus phylogeny. Here we report novel de novo assembled sequences of the mitochondrial genome from nine individuals, including previously unpublished R. r. balcanica and R. r. tatrica subspecies, and use them to untangle the genus phylogeny. Our results based on the full mitogenome inferred phylogeny confirm the previously reported genus subdivision in three clades and its monophyletic positioning within the Caprinae. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Rupicapra species thus remain controversial prompting for the inclusion of archeological remains to solve the controversy.
To analyze complications of surgically treated proximal humeral fractures with locking plate.Eighty three (30 males and 53 females) coherent unstable proximal humeral fractures were treated with locking plate from January 2007 to January 2010 with a mean follow-up lasting 23.5 months ( 10-51 months ). Their mean age was 66.4 years (33-89 years). The patients were evaluated with outpatient physical examination, X-ray film, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Constant-Murley scores. Complications and functional outcome of the involved shoulders were recorded and estimated. Complications were diagnosed in 15 cases, varus malunion in 6, humeral head necrosis in 3, delayed union in 1, screw cut-out in 3, and subacromio-impingement in 3.Four cases were combined with two or more complications.Four-part fractures had higher complication risks in implant related complications (P=0.009)and none implant related complications (P=0.003).Age and comobities had little influence on complication occurrence.Although locking plate provides optimal clinical results in proximal humeral fracture management, its complications should be highly considered. Preoperative evaluation, implant option, accurate reconstructions and rehabilitations are key points to restore the shoulder function.
Animal domestication gives rise to gradual changes at the genomic level through selection in populations. Selective sweeps have been traced in the genomes of many animal species, including humans, cattle, and dogs. However, little is known regarding positional candidate genes and genomic regions that exhibit signatures of selection in domestic horses. In addition, an understanding of the genetic processes underlying horse domestication, especially the origin of Chinese native populations, is still lacking. In our study, we generated whole genome sequences from 4 Chinese native horses and combined them with 48 publicly available full genome sequences, from which 15 341 213 high-quality unique single-nucleotide polymorphism variants were identified. Kazakh and Lichuan horses are 2 typical Asian native breeds that were formed in Kazakh or Northwest China and South China, respectively. We detected 1390 loss-of-function (LoF) variants in protein-coding genes, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that some LoF-affected genes were overrepresented in GO terms related to the immune response. Bayesian clustering, distance analysis, and principal component analysis demonstrated that the population structure of these breeds largely reflected weak geographic patterns. Kazakh and Lichuan horses were assigned to the same lineage with other Asian native breeds, in agreement with previous studies on the genetic origin of Chinese domestic horses. We applied the composite likelihood ratio method to scan for genomic regions showing signals of recent selection in the horse genome. A total of 1052 genomic windows of 10 kB, corresponding to 933 distinct core regions, significantly exceeded neutral simulations. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that the genes under selective sweeps were overrepresented with GO terms, including "negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway," "muscle contraction," and "axon guidance." Frequent exercise training in domestic horses may have resulted in changes in the expression of genes related to metabolism, muscle structure, and the nervous system.
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