L. Faucitano

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Nicolas Devillers

Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre

Renée Bergeron

University of Guelph

H. W. Gonyou

Genome Prairie

T.G. Crowe

University of Saskatchewan

O. A. Dalla Costa

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Linda Saucier

Université Laval

Sébastien Goumon

ETH Zurich

Stephanie Torrey

University of Guelph

Tina M. Widowski

University of Guelph

Cooperative Institutions

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Université Laval

Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre

Université de Montréal

University of Guelph

Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN)

University of Saskatchewan

Animal Welfare Institute

University of Bologna

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

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On-farm culling methods used for pigs

Animal Welfare (2021)

FA Dalla Costa TJ Gibson Steffan Edward Octávio Oliveira NG Gregory L. Faucitano

Abstract The culling of injured and non-viable pigs ( Sus scrofa ) (neonate to breeding stock) is a routine and necessary procedure on most farms. Usually, pigs are culled using one of the following methods: blunt-force trauma (manual and mechanical), captive-bolt stunners, electrical stunning and electrocution or carbon dioxide. Manual blunt-force trauma is one of the most widely used methods due to its low or absent operational and investment costs. However, as a method, it has serious limitations, which include the risk of incomplete concussion, pain, and distress. Manual blunt-force trauma is also aesthetically unpleasant to operators and wider society. To address these issues there has been significant recent research into the development of alternatives to manual blunt-force trauma, these include: captive-bolt stunners, on-farm, gas-based controlled atmosphere systems, low atmospheric pressure systems and electrical stunning. Some of these are currently in commercial use while others are still in the developmental phase. This review brings together the relevant research in this field, evaluating the methods in terms of mechanism of action (mechanical and physiological), effectiveness and animal welfare.

Stunning

Culling

Electrocution

10.7120/09627286.30.3.008

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Citations (1)

Transport of pigs to slaughter and associated handling

Elsevier eBooks (2023)

L. Faucitano Sébastien Goumon Leonardo Nanni Costa

Allowance (engineering)

Depreciation (economics)

Road Transport

10.1016/b978-0-323-85676-8.00026-2

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Citations (5)

Hand-held lactate analyzer as a tool for the real-time measurement of blood lactate during slaughter and pork quality prediction

Luiene Moura Rocha A. Dionne Pascale Martin Serge A. Pommier Linda Saucier

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Effects of preslaughter handling on stress response and meat quality in pigs

L. Faucitano N.A. Geverink

10.3920/9789086866373_009

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Citations (2)

Welfare of Pigs Being Transported over Long Distances Using a Pot-Belly Trailer during Winter and Summer

Animals (2014)

J. A. Correa H. W. Gonyou Stephanie Torrey Tina M. Widowski Renée Bergeron

A total of 2,145 pigs were transported for 8 h in summer (six trips) and winter (five trips) using a pot-belly trailer accommodating pigs in four locations (upper deck or UD, bottom-nose or BN, middle deck or MD and bottom deck or BD). Heart rate of pigs during loading and transportation and lactate and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in exsanguination blood were measured. Meat quality was evaluated in the Longissimus thoracis (LT), Semimembranosus (SM) and Adductor (AD) muscles. During summer, pigs loaded in the UD and MD had higher (P < 0.05) heart rate at loading compared to those located in the BD and BN. Blood lactate and CK concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in winter than in summer. Lactate concentration was higher (P = 0.01) in the blood of pigs transported in the BN. Pigs transported in the BN had higher pHu values in the LT, SM and AD muscles (P = 0.02, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and lower (P = 0.002) drip loss values in the SM muscle. This study confirms that some locations within the PB trailer have a negative impact on the welfare of pigs at loading and during transport with more pronounced effects in the winter due to the additive effect of cold stress.

Trailer

10.3390/ani4020200

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Citations (46)

Effetto dell'aggiunta di vitamina E nella dieta sulla stabilità del colore e dei lipidi della carne bovina

Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego P Santoro Giovanna Minelli L. Faucitano P. Macchioni

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Water sprinkling market pigs in a stationary trailer. 2. Effects on selected exsanguination blood parameters and carcass and meat quality variation

Livestock Science (2013)

Eleonora Nannoni Tina M. Widowski Stephanie Torrey J. Fox Luiene Moura Rocha

Longissimus dorsi

10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.022

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Citations (34)

Tempo de jejum dos suínos no manejo pré-abate sobre a perda de peso corporal, o peso do conteúdo estomacal e a incidência de úlcera esofágica-gástrica

Ciência Rural (2007)

O. A. Dalla Costa Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa Jorge Vitor Lüdke Arlei Coldebella Jalusa Deon Kich

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do tempo de jejum (9, 12, 15 e 18 horas) dos animais na granja (TJG) e da posição na carroceria do caminhão (PBO) durante o transporte da granja ao frigorífico sobre: a perda de peso corporal (PPC), o peso do estômago cheio (PEC) e vazio (PEV), o peso do conteúdo estomacal (PCE) e o escore de lesão na mucosa esofágica-gástrica (ELG). Foram utilizadas 192 fêmeas, com peso vivo médio de 134,51±11,80kg. No modelo, foram considerados os efeitos de bloco (estação do ano, BL), TJG, PBO e da interação entre BL x TJG. Verificou-se efeito significativo do TJG apenas sobre o peso do conteúdo estomacal. Não se observou efeito significativo da PBO sobre qualquer das variáveis avaliadas. Dos suínos avaliados, 90,3% apresentaram PEC menor que 500 gramas e 8,56% com PEC entre 500 e 800 gramas. A prevalência de suíno com ELG foi baixa (14,97%), sendo que, dos animais com ELG, 13,90% apresentaram lesão de grau 1 e 1,09% eram grau dois. Conclui-se que animais submetidos a jejum na granja de 15 horas apresentam menor peso do conteúdo estomacal ao abate.

10.1590/s0103-84782008000100032

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Citations (5)

A note comparing the welfare of Zebu cattle following three stunning-slaughter methods

Meat Science (2016)

Julia Eumira Gomes Neves Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa Roberto de Oliveira Roça L. Faucitano N.G. Gregory

Stunning

Zebu

Ice water

Myocardial Stunning

10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.033

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Citations (11)

0092 Effects of ventilation and water misting on the physiological response of pigs kept in a stationary trailer before unloading

Journal of Animal Science (2016)

Tamires S. Pereira Nicolas Devillers Roberta Sommavilla R. M. Friendship Frédéric Guay

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of ventilation combined with water-misting on the physiological response of pigs kept in the truck during the waiting time before unloading at the slaughter plant. In the summer 2015 (19.7 ± 4.0°C, ranging from 16.5 to 28.1°C), a total of 2674 pigs were transported from a farm to a slaughter plant (2 h trip) using two pot-belly trailers (seven loads of 191 pigs/trailer). On arrival at the plant, the two trailers were kept stationary during a 30 min waiting period before unloading. During this time, one of the two trailers was exposed to external forced ventilation and misting for 30 and 10 min, respectively, using a fan-mister bank located near the unloading dock, while the other trailer (control) was not exposed to any cooling procedure. A total of 168 pigs (24 per trailer) were equipped with a gastro-intestinal tract temperature (GTT) monitor (High Resolution Thermochron iButton) for real-time recording of GTT data. Blood was collected from these pigs at exsanguination for the analysis of cortisol, lactate and creatine kinase concentrations, and hematocrit. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedure of SAS. A probability level of P ≤ 0.05 was chosen as the limit for statistical significance in all tests. A delta GTT (ΔGTT) was calculated as the difference between the measured GTT at a determined event and the GTT measured at rest. Except for the blood hematocrit level that was lower (P < 0.05) in pigs being exposed to the cooling procedure while waiting in the trailer, the cooling treatment had no effect on any blood parameter. At the end of the wait period and at unloading, the decrease of GTT was greater (higher-ΔGTT value; P < 0.05) in control pigs than in those exposed to the cooling treatment. This result may be explained by the greater heat loss of control pigs due to heat stress. Based on these results, the cooling method applied in this study appears to improve the thermal comfort and reduce dehydration in pigs kept in a stationary truck before unloading at the slaughter plant.

Trailer

Creatine kinase

10.2527/jam2016-0092

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Citations (4)