Ever-increasing population of Turkey increases energy consumption per capita in Turkey. It is of significant to bring out various renewable energy resources due to the increased energy consumption and inevitable depletion of resources in future. Aim of the study, the biogas that one of renewable energy resources is found out average number of fertilizer and amount of biogas energy to be obtained by using waste of the bovine and ovine animals in Turkey in 2020, along with its contribution to the economy. The research period included 1996-2012 years. As method, quadratic trend analysis was used in order to determine average number of fertilizer and amount of biogas energy and contribution to the economy. As result, it has been found out that 6.6% saving from electric energy will be achieved in case the animal waste is converted to biogas and, in turn, to electric energy in 2020. Furthermore, average quantity of fertilizer from the waste of the bovine and ovine animals and amount of energy to be obtained by its conversion to biogas energy has been calculated for the TR 21 region. To find out current status of the animals in the TR 21 region, index values have been calculated by a variety of criteria. And trend analysis was conducted to determine orientation.
Failure to respond in time to fires causes great disasters. Since the loss of life and property can be significantly reduced with rapid response to fire incidents, fire services should be managed properly. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very effective in determining fire management policies of fire services thanks to its spatial analysis capability. This study focused on waste fires, which constitute the majority of fires. The fires that occurred in Izmir between 2018 and 2021 were analyzed using GIS. First, spatiotemporal analysis of fire incidents was investigated. Fire density maps were created with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method by analyzing all fires and waste fires separately. The spatial accessibility of fire stations to neighborhoods was determined by location-allocation analysis. The minimum time required for all neighborhoods to receive service in the study area has been determined as 62 minutes. The accessibility of fire stations to neighborhoods was analyzed for time intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 62 minutes. The results were used to evaluate performance of each fire station based on the amount of population they served.
With the increasing population and urbanization, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing day by day. As a result, problems such as odor, fire, and intense biogas formation originate from landfills. In order to detect and solve these problems, landfills should be monitored regularly. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing offer fast and practical solutions for the regular monitoring of landfills compared to field studies. In this study, Kömürcüoda landfill on the Anatolian side of Istanbul is monitored throughout 2022 with open source Landsat8/9 and Sentinel-2 satellite images. In this context, the surface temperature heterogeneity of the landfill was mapped by generating Land Surface Temperature (LST) images for the landfill from the Landsat thermal band. Points with statistically significant high - low LST values were determined with Hot Spot Analysis. The average annual LST for 2022 was calculated as 25.5 °C. It was observed that LST had the highest values during the summer season and the lowest values during the winter season. Additionally, it has been determined that there are persistent hot spots and cold spots in the landfill. This study presents a simple methodology using open source satellite data to monitor LST and detect LST abnormalities on landfills.
Marketplace waste collection is one of the crucial services provided by the district municipalities in Turkey. A significant amount of food waste is periodically collected from marketplaces. However, an important opportunity for recycling and mitigation climate change is missed because these waste are sent to landfills. Composting, one of the waste management technologies applied to organic waste to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce compost, is often preferred for the management of marketplace waste. This study aims to determine suitable locations for compost facilities to manage marketplace waste with the help of GIS considering economic, environmental, and topographic factors in Izmir, Turkey. There are 199 marketplaces in Izmir and each has at least one market a week. Each marketplace was weighted by means of population served by using location-allocation analysis since the amount of waste collected from the marketplaces is not known. First, an exclusion analysis was performed to remove limited use areas. Then, a preference analysis was performed. Factors affecting plant site selection process for composting marketplace waste, including marketplace locations and weights, were determined. Since all factors do not have equal importance, the analytical hierarchy process was used to determine weights for each factor based on their influence. The study area was spatially evaluated for each preference factor and a suitability map was created for each factor. Finally, a high-resolution final suitability map was obtained by combining each factor’s suitability map along with their weights. Areas with a suitability index greater than 80% have been defined as suitable areas for compost facility installation. The results indicate that there are 323 potential locations suitable for compost facilities in Izmir.
