G. M. Milikh

University of Maryland, College Park

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K. Papadopoulos

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

W. V. Boynton

University of Arizona

ИГ

И. Г. Митрофанов

Space Research Institute

K. Harshman

University of Arizona

R. Starr

Catholic University of America

L. G. Evans

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

G. Chin

Goddard Space Flight Center

АБ

А. Б. Санин

Space Research Institute

A. Malakhov

National Research University Higher School of Economics

M. L. Litvak

Space Research Institute

Cooperative Institutions

University of Maryland, College Park

Russian Academy of Sciences

Goddard Space Flight Center

United States Naval Research Laboratory

Space Research Institute

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

University of Arizona

University of Colorado Boulder

University of California, Los Angeles

Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division

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Effect of anomalous electron heating on the transpolar potential in the LFM global MHD model

Geophysical Research Letters (2005)

V. G. Merkin G. M. Milikh K. Papadopoulos J. G. Lyon Y. S. Dimant

The tendency of global MHD models to overestimate the transpolar potential in simulations of strong geomagnetic storms and evidence of an adverse feedback of the ionospheric conductance on the potential suggest that these models lack important physics leading to the conductance enhancement. Farley‐Buneman instability in the auroral ionosphere provides this lacking physics. This instability is believed to cause strong anomalous electron heating which affects the ionospheric conductivity. We use an earlier developed model of anomalous electron heating to estimate the ionospheric conductance disturbance as a function of the local electric field. This result is used to modify the ionospheric conductance in the LFM model to study its effect on the simulated transpolar potential. An idealized and a real‐case simulations are accomplished. In both cases a considerable drop in the simulated transpolar potential is found. The latter is in a good agreement with AMIE model and DMSP data.

10.1029/2005gl023315

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Citations (28)

Simulations of ionospheric turbulence produced by HF heating near the upper hybrid layer

Radio Science (2016)

A. Najmi B. Eliasson Xi Shao G. M. Milikh K. Papadopoulos

Abstract Heating of the ionosphere by high‐frequency (HF), ordinary ( O ) mode electromagnetic waves can excite magnetic field‐aligned density striations, associated with upper and lower hybrid turbulence and electron heating. We have used Vlasov simulations in one spatial and two velocity dimensions to study the induced turbulence in the presence of striations when the O ‐mode pump is mode converted to large‐amplitude upper hybrid oscillations trapped in a striation. Parametric processes give rise to upper and lower hybrid turbulence, as well as to large amplitude, short wavelength electron Bernstein waves. The latter excite stochastic electron heating when their amplitudes exceed a threshold for stochasticity, leading to a rapid increase of the electron temperature by several thousands of kelvin. The results have relevance for high‐latitude heating experiments.

Striation

Electron temperature

10.1002/2015rs005866

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Citations (11)

Model of the Streamer Zone of a Leader

2015 AGU Fall Meeting (2015)

G. M. Milikh A. Raina Mikhail N. Shneider A. Likhanskii Alison George

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Generation and detection of super small striations by F region HF heating

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2014)

A. Najmi G. M. Milikh J. A. Secan K. Chiang Mark L. Psiaki

Abstract Recent theoretical models and preliminary observations indicate that super small striations (SSS) in the plasma density with scale size of 10 cm can be excited by F region HF heating at frequencies close to multiples of the electron gyrofrequency. We present here new experimental results using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program ionospheric heater at a frequency close to the fourth electron gyroharmonic with simultaneous GPS, Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission, ionosonde, and occasional Incoherent Radar Scattering diagnostics. Differential phase measurements of GPS signals through the heated region indicated the presence of SSS with extremely high amplitude ( δn / n = 0.2–0.3) at scale size comparable to the electron gyroradius. The highest amplitude of GPS scintillations coincide with the highest level of the Broad Upshifted Maximum (BUM) and occurred when the HF frequency is slightly above the fourth harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency. Frequency sweeps indicate that the scintillation amplitude exhibits hysteresis similar to that observed for the BUM amplitude when the HF frequency is cycled about the fourth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. The results favor a four wave parametric process as the physical mechanism of the SSS. Additional experiments allowed the determination of the excitation and decay rates of the SSS.

Ionosonde

Harmonic

10.1002/2014ja020038

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Citations (24)

Analysis, Simulation, and Predictions for the Detection of Hydrogen Abundance Regions by the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) on board LRO

AGUFM (2009)

G. Nandikotkur D. A. Usikov V. Ivatury G. M. Milikh R. Z. Sagdeev

On board

Neutron Detection

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Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector for NASA’s LRO mission: instrument concept and first data

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2009)

И. Г. Митрофанов W. V. Boynton G. Chin L. G. Evans J. B. Garvin

Survey instrument

Measuring instrument

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Blue Jets: Upward Lightning

Space sciences series of ISSI (2008)

Е. В. Мишин G. M. Milikh

Lightning

10.1007/978-0-387-87664-1_29

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Citations (5)

T. P. McClanahan И. Г. Митрофанов W. V. Boynton G. Chin G. Droege

We correlate Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter's (LRO) Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) and the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer's (LPNS) orbital epithermal neutron maps of the Lunar high-latitudes with co-registered illumination maps derived from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) topography. Epithermal neutron count rate maps were derived from the LEND: 1) Collimated Sensor for Epithermal Neutrons, CSETNI-4 2) Uncollimated Sensor for Epithermal Neutrons, SETN and the Uncollimated Lunar Prospector: 3) Low-altitude and 4) High-altitude mapping phases. In this abstract we illustrate 1) and 3) and include 2) and 4) in our presentation. The correlative study provides unique perspectives on the regional epithermal neutron fluences from the Lunar polar regions under different detector and altitude configurations.

Orbiter

Neutron Detection

Collimated light

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The role of Upper Hybrid Turbulence on HF Artificial Ionization

cosp (2016)

K. Papadopoulos Amir Najmi B. Eliasson G. M. Milikh

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Synthesis of nitric oxide during the formation of an artificially ionized level in the atmosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1990)

G. M. Milikh

The artificially ionized layers in the atmosphere caused by microwave pulses are actively studied for possible application to communication services. The possible negative influences of this project on the environment will be considered. They are connected with the synthesis of nitric oxide, which is aggressive to the ozone layer. The mechanism of nitric oxide synthesis in the ionized region is based on the chemical reactions of molecules and atoms in the metastable electronic states excited by electron impact. These reactions are effective under conditions which are optimum for the formation of an artificially ionized layer. The concentration of nitrogen oxide produced in the ionized region is estimated for a variety of parameters of microwave pulses which can be used for breakdown of the atmosphere. The spatial shape of the artificial NO x cloud formed by the atmospheric wind and diffusion is studied. Artificially ionized layers are considered as the anthropogenic source of NO x on an annual global basis and compared to the existing natural sources. It is shown that the worldwide net of these layers does not appear to be sufficient to be of environmental concern.

Metastability

10.1029/jd095id10p16451

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Citations (10)