Claudia Maria Jacobi

Goethe Institute

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Flávio Fonseca do Carmo

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

Fabiana Alves Mourão

Universitario Francisco de Asís

José Eugênio Côrtes Figueira

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Renato Assunção

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Alice Fumi Kumagai

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Abel Augusto Conceição

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

Márcia Divina de Oliveira

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Evandro Luís Linhari Rodrigues

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Yasmine Antonini

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade de São Paulo

Apis Flora (Brazil)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro

Instituto de Botânica

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade

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Habitat Loss Challenges the Conservation of Endemic Plants in Mining-Targeted Brazilian Mountains

Environmental Conservation (2018)

Debora M Salles Flávio Fonseca do Carmo Claudia Maria Jacobi

Summary Ironstone outcrop habitats harbour rare and endemic rupicolous plants. In southeast Brazil, they concentrate on mountaintops in the Iron Quadrangle (IQ), an intensively exploited iron ore reserve. To evaluate the current habitat availability of 32 plants endemic to canga (ironstone outcrops) and to support priority conservation areas and actions, we compared their functional connectivity in the IQ before (1960s) and after (2014) massive habitat loss to opencast mining. The Integral Index of Connectivity and associated metrics of habitat availability were used to evaluate present and past connectivity at a threshold distance of 500 m. The overall canga habitat loss up to 2014 was 50%. The historical configuration of 334 patches totalling 18 654 ha was already disconnected and the proportion of patches acting as relevant stepping stones was thus very low. Furthermore, in both the historical and current settings, the largest contribution to habitat availability came from ‘intrapatch connectivity’ (i.e., patch area), especially in the east sector. All the IQ canga endemics fall into the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Critically Endangered category and require protection. The recommended strategy for their conservation is to protect large, preferably well-preserved ironstone patches. This measure will require finding the middle ground between economic development and conservation of natural heritage.

Ironstone

Natural heritage

Endemism

Vulnerable species

10.1017/s0376892918000401

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Citations (37)

Optimal Sampling Designs for Studies of Gene Flow-A Challenging Trade-Off: A Reply to Klein and Laredo

Evolution (1999)

Renato Assunção Claudia Maria Jacobi

10.2307/2640461

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Palavras-chave: Afl oramentos rochosos, cangas, conservação, condições geoedáfi cas, espectro biológico

Claudia Maria Jacobi Flávio Secco Fonseca

Life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes in plant communities on ironstone outcrops, SE Brazil). Rock outcrops play an important role in enhancing plant diversity in montane ecosystems. Ironstone outcrops (cangas) are among the lithotypes less known and most threatened in SE Brazil, due to mining activities. Besides species composition, a key feature to promote their conservation and restoration is the knowledge of the community prevalent life-forms, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes. Th e analyses were done based on published fl oristic surveys of cangas in SE Brazil. A total of 353 species of angiosperms (70 families) were assigned to one of the two predominant physiognomies (open areas and forest islands) on ironstone outcrops. Sixteen families responded for 70% of all species. Compared to Raunkiaer's spectrum, phanerophytes were over- and therophytes were under-represented. Phanerophytes were the predominant life-form in forest islands, while hemicryptophytes were outstanding in open areas. Entomophily was the dominant pollination syndrome in both habitats. Zoochory was dominant in forest islands and ranked last in open areas, where anemochory and autochory prevailed. Considering that both forest islands and open areas are subjected to the same climatic conditions, the results corroborate the infl uence of geoedaphic components in the three traits analysed.

Ironstone

Outcrop

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Wildfires and their impact on the water supply of a large neotropical metropolis: A simulation approach

The Science of The Total Environment (2018)

Evandro Luís Linhari Rodrigues Claudia Maria Jacobi José Eugênio Côrtes Figueira

Land Cover

Infiltration (HVAC)

Water cycle

Dry season

Hydrological modelling

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.289

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Citations (41)

Conservation in Brazil needs to include non‐forest ecosystems

Diversity and Distributions (2015)

Gerhard E. Overbeck Eduardo Vélez‐Martin Fábio Rúbio Scarano Thomas M. Lewinsohn Carlos Roberto Fonseca

Abstract In the past decades, Brazil made important progress in the conservation of forest ecosystems. Non‐forest ecosystems ( NFE ), in contrast, have been neglected, even though they cover large parts of the country and have biodiversity levels comparable to forests. To avoid losing much of its biodiversity and ecosystem services, conservation and sustainable land use policies in Brazil need to be extended to NFE . A strategy for conservation of Brazil's NFE should encompass the following elements: (1) creation of new large protected areas in NFE ; (2) enforcement of legal restrictions of land use; (3) extension of subsidy programs and governance commitments to NFE ; (4) improvement of ecosystem management and sustainable use in NFE ; and (5) improvement of monitoring of land use change in NFE . If Brazil managed to extend its conservation successes to NFE , it not only would contribute significantly to conservation of its biodiversity, but also could take the lead in conservation of NFE world‐wide.

Conservation Biology

10.1111/ddi.12380

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Citations (264)

Peces de acuario. : ¿Mascotas o plagas?

Ciencia hoy (2010)

A. Barroso de Magalhaes Newton Pimentel de Ulhoa Barbosa Claudia Maria Jacobi

Uno de los pasatiempos mas difundidos en el mundo, la cria de peces ornamentales en acuarios, es tambien una creciente causa de la introduccion de especies exoticas en las aguas de muchos paises, con consecuencias ambientales desastrosas.

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Effects of the parasitism of Struthanthus flexicaulis (Mart.) Mart. (Loranthaceae) on the fitness of Mimosa calodendron Mart. (Fabaceae), an endemic shrub from rupestrian fields over ironstone outcrops, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Acta Botanica Brasilica (2009)

Fabiana Alves Mourão Claudia Maria Jacobi José Eugênio Côrtes Figueira Eugênia Kelly Luciano Batista

Parasitic plants (mistletoes) may alter the growth, reproduction and physiology of their hosts. Mimosa calodendron (Fabaceae) is a legume abundant in rupestrian fields on ironstone outcrops, frequently attacked by the hemiparasite Struthanthus flexicaulis (Loranthaceae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of parasitism by S. flexicaulis on the fitness of M. calodendron. The intensity of parasitism and mortality on hosts of different sizes was evaluated, and foliage cover, fruit and seed set in parasitized and non-parasitized individuals were compared. More than 65% of a population of 1820 individuals was attacked. Host density positively influenced parasitism. The mortality and number of attacked hosts increased with their crown diameter. Heavily parasitized individuals showed 75 to 95% reduction of leaf cover and fruit production of 25% of those non-parasitized. Although no statistical difference was detected between the number of seeds per fruit, seed weight was lower in attacked plants. Parasitism by S. flexicaulis on M. calodendron may alter its population structure and dynamics, by reducing survival and fecundity rates.

Loranthaceae

10.1590/s0102-33062009000300023

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Citations (27)

Pollination of two species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from high-altitude quartzitic grasslands, Brazil

Acta Botanica Brasilica (2007)

Claudia Maria Jacobi Mário César Laboissiérè Del Sarto

The pollinators and breeding system of two species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from high-altitude quartzitic grasslands in SE Brazil were studied. Vellozia leptopetala is shrubby and grows solely on rocky outcrops, V. epidendroides is herbaceous and grows on stony soils. Both bear solitary, hermaphrodite flowers, and have massive, short-lasting annual blooms. We evaluated the level of self-compatibility and need for pollinators of 50 plants of each species and 20-60 flowers per treatment: hand self- and cross-pollination, spontaneous pollination, agamospermy and control. The behavior of floral visitors on flowers and within plants was recorded. Both species are mostly self-incompatible, but produce a small number of seeds by self-fertilization. The pollen-ovule ratio suggests facultative xenogamy. They were visited primarily by bees, of which the most important pollinators were two leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.). Vellozia leptopetala was also pollinated by a territorial hummingbird. Low natural seed production compared to cross-pollination seed numbers suggests that pollen limitation is the main cause of low seed set. This was attributed to the combined effect of five mechanisms: selfing prior to anthesis, enhanced geitonogamy as a result of large floral displays, low number of visits per flower for the same reason, pollen theft by many insect species, and, in V. leptopetala, delivery of mixed pollen loads on the stigma as a consequence of hummingbird promiscuity.

Hummingbird

Selfing

Outcrossing

Orchidaceae

10.1590/s0102-33062007000200007

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Citations (28)

Soaring Extinction Threats to Endemic Plants in Brazilian Metal-Rich Regions

AMBIO (2011)

Claudia Maria Jacobi Flávio Fonseca do Carmo Iara Christina de Campos

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

Environmental degradation