Ontology evaluation is a critical task, even more so when the ontology is the output of an automatic system, rather than the result of a conceptualization effort produced by a team of domain specialists and knowledge engineers. This paper provides an evaluation of the OntoLearn ontology learning system. The proposed evaluation strategy is twofold: first, we provide a detailed quantitative analysis of the ontology learning algorithms. Second, we automatically generate natural language descriptions of formal concept specifications in order to facilitate per-concept qualitative analysis by domain specialists.
We investigated the biodiversity and seasonality of subtidal benthic diatoms at two sites of the Northern Adriatic Sea differently affected by anthropogenic inputs. Sediment samples were collected seasonally, and diatom cells were then separated from the sediment using the density gradient centrifugation method. The total abundance of benthic diatoms ranged between 4,409 ± 1,638 and 77,663 ± 30,415 cells cm-2 and the biomass between 0.41 ± 0.22 and 3.66 ± 2.01 μg C cm-2. At both stations, the benthic diatoms showed a marked seasonal pattern, with maximum abundance, biomass and biodiversity in spring and minimum in summer. Motile life forms, such as Navicula, Nitzschia, Fallacia, and Psammodictyon, dominated in terms of abundance at both stations throughout the study period, while plocon (centric diatoms mainly belonging to Biddulphiaceae) increased under mixing conditions, when they represented the largest contributor to biomass. At both stations and in all seasons, the Si:N:P ratio highlighted the strong P limitation, typical of the Adriatic Sea. The ammonium concentration was the highest component of DIN in spring and summer when we observed the highest and lowest MPB abundance respectively. The preference of diatoms for ammonia, coupled with the increased daylight period, may have enhanced the spring growth, whereas in summer the hypoxic conditions may have caused a decrease. Despite the different environmental conditions, the two stations exhibited similar species compositions and seasonal trends, highlighting relative stability against anthropogenic pressures of a different nature.
As a consequence of the general improvement in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases, patients achieve a better quality of life, with the possibility of a normal family life including one or more pregnancies. It is important, therefore, to consider the psychological aspects of these mothers' life and the influence of their chronic disease on their children is development. Several papers have reported the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the quality of life. They found higher incidence of anxiety (from 15 to 45%) and depression (from 25 to 47%) compared to the general population. We have investigated the psychological influence of SLE on family planning, and we observed that it can interfere with physiological phenomena such as parenthood and the upbringing of children. The children of lupus mothers have a normal intelligence level for their age. What is emerging, however, is an increased incidence of learning disabilities compared to the general population. This observation suggests the importance of an early neuropsychological examination, in order to identify the children needing particular care. Therefore, psychological support seems to be an important help in the counseling of patients with rheumatic disease and in the future life of their children.
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